Table 1.
Behavioral performance and descriptives of adults with persistent ADHD, remitted ADHD, and never-affected individuals on the fMRI and MEG versions of the stop signal task.
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| fMRI analysis | ||||||
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| Never affected (n=84) |
Remitted (n=40) | Persistent (n=24) | ||||
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| Characteristic | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
Test statistic |
p | |
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| Percent accuracy go trials | 89.43 (10.17) | 89.49 (10.98) | 91.78 (8.36) | 0.53 | 0.59 | |
| Percent accuracy stop trials | 50.37 (8.65) | 53.37 (12.11) | 50.94 (7.37) | 1.36 | 0.26 | |
| Mean go response time (ms) | 714.84 (107.98) | 708.62 (102.11) | 663.31 (120.99) | 1.66 | 0.19 | |
| Stop signal response time (ms)a | 271.87 (95.53) | 241.10 (65.32) | 243.00 (64.24) | 2.34 | 0.1 | |
| Inhibit delay (ms) | 450.64 (114.73) | 489.43 (121.43) | 433.56 (144.98) | 1.97 | 0.14 | |
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| Age (yrs) | 24.46 (4.09) | 24.33 (3.85) | 23.34 (3.95) | 0.74 | 0.48 | |
| Sex (male), N (%) | 48 (57.1) | 25 (62.5) | 11 (45.8) | 1.71 | 0.42 | |
| Inattentive symptoms | NA | 2.03 (1.31) | 5.92 (1.74) | −10.15 | <0.001 | |
| Hyperactive-impulsive symptoms | NA | 1.43 (1.45) | 4.08 (2.76) | −4.36 | <0.001 | |
| Psychostimulant use, N (%) | NA | 4 (10) | 15 (62.5) | 19.81 | <0.001 | |
| Presence of comorbidity, N (%) | NA | 22 (55) | 12 (50) | 0.15 | 0.7 | |
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| MEG analysis | ||||||
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| Never affected (n=46) | Remitted (n=26) | Persistent (n=25) | ||||
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| Characteristic | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Test statistic | p | |
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| Percent accuracy go trials | 86.65 (10.50) | 79.81 (11.98) | 80.67 (8.56) | 4.54 | 0.01 | NV>remitted, persistent |
| Percent accuracy stop trials | 47.39 (7.12) | 46.81 (12.14) | 49.02 (6.44) | 0.46 | 0.63 | |
| Mean go response time (ms) | 735.41 (92.80) | 749.17 (94.31) | 765.74 (47.78) | 1.06 | 0.35 | |
| Stop signal response time (ms)a | 296.96 (79.57) | 305.64 (98.67) | 353.23 (90.27) | 3.46 | 0.04 | persistent>NV |
| Inhibit delay (ms) | 437.42 (127.40) | 442.74 (178.39) | 414.93 (111.54) | 0.3 | 0.74 | |
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| Age (yrs) | 23.31 (2.96) | 24.79 (3.86) | 23.73 (4.18) | 1.46 | 0.24 | |
| Sex (male), N (%) | 22 (47.8) | 16 (61.5) | 13 (52.0) | 1.26 | 0.53 | |
| Inattentive symptoms | NA | 1.88 (1.39) | 6.40 (1.68) | −10.45 | <0.001 | |
| Hyperactive-impulsive symptoms | NA | 1.15 (1.35) | 4.04 (2.91) | −4.52 | <0.001 | |
| Psychostimulant use, N (%) | NA | 3 (11.5) | 13 (52) | 9.69 | 0.002 | |
| Presence of comorbidity, N (%) | NA | 15 (57.7) | 12 (48) | 0.48 | 0.49 | |
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a
Calculated as the mean go reaction time at the Xth percentile minus the mean inhibit delay. X is the subject’s percent accuracy on stop trials.