Scores at baseline and follow-up for intervention and control groups assessed at both time points on (A) receptive vocabulary, (B) working memory, and (C) IQ. Top panels show unadjusted means over participants, with error bars representing SEM. Bottom panels show unadjusted means for each cluster (6 control clusters, 6 intervention clusters). a Includes only children 2.5 years or older, for whom standard scores could be calculated.