TABLE 1.
Sample Characteristics at Baseline
| Full Sample, n = 566 | Control Group, n = 287 | Intervention Group, n = 279 | Pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child characteristics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), mo | 37.4 (6.5) | 37.6 (6.6) | 37.2 (6.6) | .47 |
| Female, % | 47.9 | 46.5 | 49.3 | .57 |
| First born child, % | 31.6 | 34.2 | 29.0 | .26 |
| Race, indigenous, % | 2.1 | 2.5 | 1.8 | .60 |
| Parent characteristics | ||||
| Maternal respondents, % | 87.1 | 85.6 | 88.6 | .41 |
| Age <21 y, % | 10.8 | 13.8 | 7.7 | .06 |
| Married or living with a partner, % | 66.3 | 66.2 | 66.4 | .96 |
| Education level | ||||
| Less than middle school, % | 18.2 | 17.3 | 19.2 | .73 |
| Graduated middle school, % | 22.1 | 20.9 | 23.2 | .57 |
| Graduated high school, % | 41.1 | 43.0 | 39.1 | .49 |
| Attended college, % | 18.6 | 18.8 | 18.5 | .87 |
| Monthly income, mean (SD), R$b | 1098.8 (660.7) | 1075.4 (600.2) | 1123.9 (720.2) | .48 |
| Income less than or equal to minimum wage, % | 51.3 | 54.5 | 47.8 | .23 |
| Food insecurity, mean (SD) | 1.5 (1.3) | 1.5 (1.3) | 1.4 (1.3) | .27 |
| Financial hardship, mean (SD) | 0.9 (1.0) | 1.0 (1.1) | 0.8 (1.0) | .07 |
| Met criteria for depression, % | 34.0 | 37.5 | 30.4 | .09 |
Includes all participants contributing any data at the time of enrollment.
a
P values are based on multilevel models.
b
1 R$ = ∼0.3 US$; at the time the study was conducted the minimum wage was ∼R$800 per month.