TABLE 1.

Sample Characteristics

	M or %	SD
Menarche	12.17	1.43
Depression, Wave I	6.37	4.61
Depression, Wave IV	5.69	4.36
Antisocial behavior, Wave I	2.84	3.64
Antisocial behavior, Wave IV	0.19	0.89
Age at Wave I, y	15.36	1.74
Age at Wave 4, y	28.45	1.77
Income-to-needs ratio	2.96	3.57
Maternal education
Less than HS	0.18	—
HS diploma or GED	0.24	—
Mother has college degree	0.16	—
Father absence
Always absent	0.14	—
Absent 0–5 y	0.12	—
Absent 6–13 y	0.11	—
Always present, 0–13 y	0.63	—
Race and/or ethnicity
European American	0.66	—
African American	0.12	—
Hispanic	0.16	—
Other race and /or ethnicity	0.06	—
AFDC receipt	0.08	—

All means and percentages are drawn from the final imputed data set and weighted by using Add Health Wave IV survey weights. Numbers that indicate means include SDs as well; numbers that indicate percentages do not. AFDC indicates the participant’s family received public assistance benefits in Wave I. Depression refers to summed CES-D short-form scores. Scores of 8 to 10 have been suggested as a clinical cutoff. Antisocial behaviors refer to the summed frequency of antisocial behaviors. AFDC, Aid to Families with Dependent Children; GED, graduate equivalency diploma; HS, high school; —, not applicable.