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. 2018 Jan;141(1):e20171703. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-1703

TABLE 3.

Age at Menarche and Depressive Symptoms in Adulthood

Proximal Influences Model Lingering Influences Model Increasing Influences Model
b SE 95% CI b SE 95% CI b SE 95% CI
Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper
Intercept 9.41* 2.76* 3.95* 14.86* 11.92* 2.44* 7.09* 16.76* 9.40* 2.43* 4.58* 14.22*
Menarche −0.87* 0.43* −1.73* −0.02* −0.84* 0.38* −1.59* −0.10* −0.61 0.37 −1.35 0.13
Age at Wave I 0.24* 0.04* 0.16* 0.32* −0.02 0.04 −1.00 0.05 −0.09* 0.04* −0.16* −0.02*
Menarche, quadratic effect 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.07 0.03* 0.02* 0.002 0.06* 0.02 0.01 −0.01 0.05
Depression at Wave I 0.27* 0.02* 0.24* 0.30*
Maternal education level
 High school graduate −0.88* 0.28* −1.44* −0.32* −0.60* 0.25* −1.10* −0.10* −0.37 0.25 −0.85 0.12
 College graduate −1.36* 0.28* −1.93* −0.79* −1.12* 0.27* −1.66* −0.57* −0.75* 0.26* −1.27* −0.23*
Father presence
 Absent since birth 0.53* 0.24* 0.06* 1.01* 0.38 0.22 −0.06 0.81 0.23 0.22 −0.20 0.66
 Father left 0–5 y 0.62* 0.23* 0.17* 1.07* 0.71* 0.27* 0.18* 1.24* 0.54* 0.26* 0.03* 1.06*
 Father left 6–13 y 0.51 0.27 −0.02 1.04 0.41 0.27 −0.14 0.96 0.28 0.27 −0.26 0.81
Race and/or ethnicity
 African American 0.51 0.32 −0.12 1.14 0.28 0.26 −0.22 0.79 0.15 0.22 −0.29 0.58
 Hispanic 0.39 0.23 −0.07 0.85 0.46* 0.23* 0.01* 0.91* 0.36 0.22 −0.07 0.79
 Other race 0.59 0.40 −0.19 1.38 0.66* 0.28* 0.10* 1.22* 0.50* 0.25* 0.001* 1.00*
 Family income-to-needs ratio −0.06* 0.02* −0.10* −0.01* −0.04 0.02 −0.09 0.00 −0.03 0.02 −0.07 0.02
 AFDC receipt 0.74* 0.28* 0.18* 1.31* 1.06* 0.29* 0.49* 1.64* 0.86* 0.28* 0.30* 1.43*

Analyses were conducted in Stata’s design-based weighting program to account for the clustered nature of the sample; this program does not provide R2 values. The proximal influences model uses CES-D scores at Wave I as the dependent variable; the lingering influences and increasing influences models use CES-D scores at Wave IV as the dependent variables. AFDC, Aid to Families with Dependent Children; CI, confidence interval; —, not applicable.

*

P < .05.