Figure 1.

(a) A preoperative radiograph of an immature mandibular second premolar with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis. (b) Immediate post-treatment radiograph of the tooth after the treatment with regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). The mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is the radiopaque intracanal barrier (black arrow) that was placed over the induced blood clot that acted as a scaffold to the introduced stem cells promoting further root development. (c) A follow up radiograph taken 12 months after treatment shows further root maturation and evidence of thickening of the canal walls and apical closure.