Table 3.
Genes involved in 3 Phases of drug metabolism altered by 2.0 g/kg kava treatment in liver.
| Gene symbol | Gene description | Locus Link ID | Fold change | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase I metabolism | ||||
| Aldh1a1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, member A1 | 24,188 | 2.8 | <0.001 |
| Cyp17a1 | cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 | 25,146 | −2.2a | 0.005 |
| Cyp1a1 | cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 | 24,296 | 214.0 | <0.001 |
| Cyp1a2 | cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2 | 24,297 | 6.4 | <0.001 |
| Cyp2c23 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily c, polypeptide 23 | 83,790 | −1.7 | <0.001 |
| Cyp2c37 | cytochrome P450, 2c37 | 29,296 | 2.1 | 0.001 |
| Cyp2c40 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily c, polypeptide 40 | 25,011 | −5.3 | <0.001 |
| Cyp2c55_predicted | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily c, polypeptide 55 (predicted) | 292,330 | 4.0 | <0.001 |
| Cyp2c6 | cytochrome P450, subfamily IIC6 | 246,070 | 4.0 | <0.001 |
| Cyp2t1 | cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP2T1 | 171,380 | −1.7 | <0.001 |
| Cyp3a1 | cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 | 286,929 | 2.4 | <0.001 |
| Cyp3a13 | cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 13 | 171,352 | −3.7 | <0.001 |
| Cyp3a3 | cytochrome P450, subfamily 3A, polypeptide 3 | 25,642 | 5.7 | <0.001 |
| Cyp4a12 | cytochrome P450, 4al2 | 266,674 | 1.5 | 0.005 |
| Cyp4f6 | cytochrome P450 4F6 | 266,689 | −1.7 | <0.001 |
| Cyp7b1 | cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily b, polypeptide 1 | 25,429 | −2.2 | 0.001 |
| Cyp8b1 | cytochrome P450, family 8, subfamily b, polypeptide 1 | 81,924 | −1.6 | 0.036 |
| Fmo1 | flavin containing monooxygenase 1 | 25,256 | −3.8 | <0.001 |
| Gzma | granzyme A | 266,708 | −1.6 | 0.004 |
| Phase II metabolism | ||||
| Acsl4 | acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 | 113,976 | 1.7 | <0.001 |
| Ces2 | carboxylesterase 2 (intestine, liver) | 171,118 | 8.5 | <0.001 |
| Ces6 | carboxylesterase 6 | 246,252 | 2.6 | <0.001 |
| Ephx1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal | 25,315 | 3.6 | <0.001 |
| Gnmt | glycine N-methyltransferase | 25,134 | −2.1 | <0.001 |
| Gsta2 | glutathione-S-transferase, alpha type2 | 24,422 | 2.9 | <0.001 |
| Gsta4_predicted | glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 | 300,850 | 2.0 | <0.001 |
| Gstm1 | glutathione S-transferase, mu 1 | 24,423 | 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Gstm2 | glutathione S-transferase, mu 2 | 24,424 | 1.6 | 0.005 |
| Gstm3 | glutathione S-transferase, mu type 3 | 81,869 | −1.6 | 0.018 |
| Gstp1 | glutathione-S-transferase, pi 1 | 24,426 | 1.6 | 0.001 |
| Nqo1 | NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 | 24,314 | 11.4 | <0.001 |
| Sulf2_predicted | sulfatase 2 | 311,642 | −1.6 | 0.002 |
| Sult1b1 | sulfotransferase family 1B, member 1 | 64,305 | 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Sult1c1 | sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1C, member 1 | 65,185 | −2.0 | <0.001 |
| Ugt1a1 | UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A1 | 24,861 | 1.7 | 0.005 |
| Ugt1a6 | UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A6 | 113,992 | 10.0 | <0.001 |
| Ugt1a7 | UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7 | 154,516 | 3.5 | <0.001 |
| Ugt2b10_predicted | UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide BIO (predicted) | 305,264 | 2.1 | <0.001 |
| Ugt2b4 | UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B4 | 83,808 | 1.5 | <0.001 |
| Ugt2b4 | UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B4 | 83,808 | 1.8 | 0.001 |
| Phase III metabolism | ||||
| Abca8_predicted | ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A (ABC1), member 8a (predicted) | 303,638 | −1.8 | <0.001 |
| Abcb6 | ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 6 | 140,669 | 1.9 | <0.001 |
| Abcb9 | ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 9 | 63,886 | −2.0 | 0.047 |
| Abcc2 | ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 | 25,303 | 1.7 | <0.001 |
| Abcc3 | ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 3 | 140,668 | 15.9 | <0.001 |
| Abcc6 | ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 6 | 81,642 | −1.8 | <0.001 |
| Abcc8 | ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 8 | 25559 | −1.7 | 0.006 |
| Abcc9 | ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 9 | 25,560 | −1.8 | 0.027 |
| Slc11a1 | solute carrier family 11 (proton-coupled divalent metal ion transporters), member 1 | 316,519 | −1.7 | 0.001 |
| Slc13a3 | solute carrier family 13 (sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter), member 3 | 64,846 | −1.5 | 0.003 |
| Slc16a1 | solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1 | 25,027 | 1.5 | 0.001 |
| Slc16a10 | solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 10 | 170566 | −1.9 | 0.002 |
| Slc16a11_predicted | solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 11 (predicted) | 287,450 | −1.6 | 0.001 |
| Slc16a6 | solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 6 | 303,772 | 1.5 | 0.002 |
| Slc17a1 | solute carrier family 17 (sodium phosphate), member 1 | 171,080 | 1.8 | 0.001 |
| Slc17a3 | solute carrier family 17 (sodium phosphate), member 3 | 266,730 | 1.9 | <0.001 |
| Slc22a7 | solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 7 | 89,776 | −1.6 | <0.001 |
| Slc22a8 | solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 8 | 83,500 | −1.6 | 0.002 |
| Slc25a17_predicted | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier, peroxisomal membrane protein), member 17 (predicted) | 300,083 | 1.5 | 0.003 |
| Slc27a5 | solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 5 | 79,111 | −1.9 | <0.001 |
| Slc28a2 | solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 2 | 60,423 | −1.5 | 0.007 |
| Slc2a2 | solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2 | 25,351 | −1.6 | 0.002 |
| Slc34a2 | solute carrier family 34 (sodium phosphate), member 2 | 84,395 | −4.8 | <0.001 |
| Slc38a3 | solute carrier family 38, member 3 | 252,919 | −1.8 | <0.001 |
| Slc38a4 | solute carrier family 38, member 4 | 170,573 | −1.7 | <0.001 |
| Slc39a4_predicted | solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 4 (predicted) | 300,051 | 1.8 | 0.004 |
| Slc3a2 | solute carrier family 3 (activators of dibasic and neutral amino acid transport), member 2 | 50,567 | 2.9 | <0.001 |
| Slc4a2 | solute carrier family 4, member 2 | 24,780 | 1.6 | 0.006 |
| Slc6a9 | solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, glycine), member 9 | 116,509 | 1.5 | 0.001 |
| Slc7a5 | solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 5 | 50,719 | 1.7 | 0.002 |
| Slco2b1 | solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 2b1 | 140,860 | −1.6 | 0.002 |
| Tap1 | transporter 1, ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP) | 24,811 | −1.7 | <0.001 |
a
The symbol of minus (−) indicates down-regulation.