Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Neurosci. 2017 Sep 29;40(11):654–666. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.09.001

Figure 2. Proposed mechanism of β-arrestin1 (Arrb1) in internalization and signaling of membrane ERα (mERα).

Figure 2

Membrane ERα is part of a G-protein coupled receptor complex, which includes mGluR1a and caveolin (Fig 1). Following estradiol (E2) activation of mERα, Arrb1 is recruited to this receptor complex where it organizes Raf/MEK/ERK signaling and the endocytic machinery needed to internalize mERα into endosomes. In the absence of Arrb1, mERα internalization and ERK1/2 (MAPK) signaling are blocked. Eventually, the internalized mERα-mGluR1a loses Arrb1 and signaling ceases. The receptor complex is either recycled and trafficked to the cell surface, or sorted to lysosomes for degradation. Modified from [39] and [115].