Table 5.

Factors associated with pyrazinamide plasma concentrations below target maximum concentration

Characteristic	Cmax ≥ 20 μg/mL (N = 80)	Cmax < 20 μg/mL (N = 17)	P-value
Median (IQR) age (years)	5.0 (2.6 – 9.0)	1.7 (1.0 – 4.8)	0.006
Median (IQR) body weight (Kg)	14.1 (9.6 – 19.7)	7.5 (6.3 – 16.0)	0.028
Median (IQR) height (Cm)	99.5 (84.0 – 121.5)	77.0 (72.0 – 104.0)	0.006
Nutritional status
Median (IQR) weight-for-age Z score*	−2.6 (−3.8 – −1.5)	−2.6 (−4.0 – −1.3)	0.927
Median (IQR) height-for-age Z score	−1.9 (−3.0 – −1.0)	−2.9 (−3.3 – −1.5)	0.319
Median (IQR) BMI-for-age Z score	−1.9 (−3.0 – −1.0)	−2.9 (−3.3 – −1.5)	0.473
Median (IQR) mid-arm circumference	13.5 (12.3 – 16.0)	13.0 (10.6 – 14.3)	0.232
Median (IQR) drug dose (mg/kg)	25.9 (22.8 – 31.6)	24.6 (22.4 – 28.8)	0.317
Age (years) n (%)			< 0.001
< 2	13 (56.5%)	10 (43.5%)
≥ 2	67 (90.5%)	7 (9.5%)
Age (years) n (%)			0.017
< 5	35 (72.9%)	13 (27.1%)
≥ 5	45 (91.8%)	4 (8.2%)
Sex			0.419
Female	32 (78.0%)	9 (22.0%)
Male	48 (85.7%)	8 (14.3%)
HIV positive			0.108
No	43 (89.6%)	5 (10.4%)
Yes	37 (75.5%0	12 (24.5%)