Table 6.
Factors associated with ethambutol plasma concentrations below target maximum concentration
| Characteristic | Cmax ≥ 2 μg/mL (N = 37) | Cmax < 2 μg/mL (N = 60) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) age (years) | 7.3 (4.0 – 9.8) | 4.1 (1.6 – 7.0) | 0.006 |
| Median (IQR) body weight (Kg) | 16.3 (11.9 – 21.8) | 12.8 (7.2 – 18.0) | 0.003 |
| Median (IQR) height (Cm) | 107.0 (93.0 – 129.0) | 94.0 (75.0 – 114.0) | 0.007 |
| Nutritional status | |||
| Median (IQR) weight-for-age Z score* | −2.0 (−2.8 – −1.0) | −2.7 (−4.0 – −1.6) | 0.067 |
| Median (IQR) height-for-age Z score | −1.9 (−3.0 – −1.5) | −2.2 (−3.1 – −0.9) | 0.865 |
| Median (IQR) BMI-for-age Z score | −1.9 (−3.0 – −1.5) | −2.2 (−3.1 – −0.9) | 0.136 |
| Median (IQR) mid-arm circumference | 14.3 (13.0 – 16.8) | 13.0 (11.0 – 15.0) | 0.037 |
| Median (IQR) drug dose (mg/kg) | 18.8 (16.9 – 22.9) | 15.9 (14.7 – 17.5) | < 0.001 |
| Age (years) n (%) | 0.046 | ||
| < 2 | 4 (19.0%) | 17 (81.0%) | |
| ≥ 2 | 33 (43.4%) | 43 (56.6%) | |
| Age (years) n (%) | 0.313 | ||
| < 5 | 13 (27.7%) | 34 (72.3%) | |
| ≥ 5 | 24 (48.0%) | 26 (52.0%) | |
| Sex | 0.527 | ||
| Female | 18 (42.9%) | 24 (57.1%) | |
| Male | 19 (34.5%) | 36 (65.5%) | |
| HIV positive | 0.003 | ||
| No | 26 (53.1%) | 23 (46.9%) | |
| Yes | 11 (22.9%) | 37 (77.1%) | |