Table 1.

Overview of housing wealth accumulation regimes.

Source: Atterhög and Song (2009), De Decker (1990), Dol and Haffner (2010), Donner (2000), Miles and Pillonca (2008) Oswald (1999), Warnock and Warnock (2008)

Housing wealth accumulation regime	Country	Homeownership rate in			Normal loan-to-value (2005–2010) (%)	Loan maturity in years (2005–2010)
		1960 (%)	1980 (%)	2010 (%)
Regulated rental	Germany	29	30	53	70–80a	20–30
	Switzerland	34	30	44	65	15–20
	Austria	38	52	57	70–85a	25
Privatised rental	Estonia	x	26	86	70–75	Up to 30
	Poland	x	36	81	80–100	5–32.5
	Czech Republic	x	53	79	70–85a	20
Regulated expansion	Belgium	50	59	72	80–90	20
	France	42	47	62	66–100	15–20
Liberal expansion	Denmark	40	56	67	80	30
	Sweden	47	58	56	85–95	30–45
	Netherlands	30	42	67	95–100b	30
Family ownership	Italy	46	59	72	55–80b	5–20
	Portugal	45	52	75	80–90	30–40
Privatised ownership	Slovenia	x	69	78	50a	10
	Hungary	x	71	90	70	5–35
Liberal ownership	Spain	53	73	83	80–100b	15–20

^a Bausparen important element of finance

^bRMBS important element of housing finance