Table 1.

Characteristics of incident AMD cases and controls among pesticide applicators and their spouses, AHS 1993-2007.

Characteristic	Case		Control		ORa	95% CI
	$n$	%	$n$	%
Age at enrollment in AMD study, y
50–69	36	22	28,801	74	1.0	Reference
70–79	82	51	8,286	21	7.9	5.3	11.7
$80+$	43	27	2,021	5	17.5	11.2	27.3
Gender
Men	95	59	22,658	58	1.0	Reference
Women	66	41	16,450	42	1.3	0.9	1.8
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	158	98	37,984	97	1.0	Reference
Other	3	2	1,124	3	0.5	0.2	1.6
State
Iowa	95	59	25,612	65	1.0	Reference
North Carolina	66	41	13,496	35	0.9	0.7	1.3
Education
$\le \text{High}\text{school}$	92	59	19,877	54	1.0	Reference
$>\text{High}\text{school}$	64	41	17,046	46	1.3	0.9	1.8
Ever smoker
No	75	47	23,292	60	1.0	Reference
Yes	86	53	15,816	40	1.8	1.3	2.5
Alcohol consumption (frequency)
Never	77	49	16,100	42	1.0	Reference
$<1$ to 3 times per mo	41	26	13,471	35	1.0	0.7	1.4
Once a week or more	38	24	8,530	22	1.3	0.9	2.0
BMI ($\mathrm{kg}/{\mathrm{m}}^2$)
$<25$	54	34	12,123	32	1.0	Reference
25–30	78	50	17,139	45	1.0	0.7	1.5
$>30$	25	16	87,98	23	0.7	0.5	1.2

Note: AMD, age-related macular degeneration; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^aAll models include age, gender, and smoking.