Table 2.

Incident AMD and ever use of specific pesticides in pesticide applicators and their spouses, AHS 1993-2007.

	Case		Control		ORa	95% CI
	$n$	%	$n$	%
Insecticides (any)	126	78	28558	73	1.6	1.1	2.5
Organochlorines (any)	98	62	14870	38	2.7	1.8	4.0
Aldrin	37	26	5433	15	1.5	0.95	2.3
Chlordane	61	42	7696	21	2.4	1.7	3.6
DDT	70	47	7728	21	2.1	1.4	3.1
Dieldrin	21	15	1960	5	1.9	1.1	3.2
Heptachlor	36	26	4490	12	1.9	1.2	3.0
Lindane	32	22	5148	14	1.9	1.2	3.0
Toxaphene	27	19	3957	11	1.5	0.9	2.3
Organophosphates (any)	117	73	25157	64	2.0	1.3	3.0
Chlorpyrifos	45	29	10522	27	1.3	0.9	1.9
Coumaphos	10	7	2302	6	1.1	0.6	2.2
Diazinon	58	40	9404	26	2.0	1.4	2.9
Dichlorvos	18	12	3121	9	1.8	1.1	3.0
Fonofos	20	14	5463	15	1.0	0.6	1.7
Malathion	103	68	19889	53	2.2	1.5	3.3
Parathion	28	20	3877	11	1.9	1.2	3.0
Phorate	42	30	8070	22	1.7	1.1	2.6
Terbufos	35	24	9210	25	1.1	0.7	1.7
Other insecticides
Aldicarb	5	4	2511	7	0.5	0.2	1.3
Carbaryl	91	61	18890	51	1.4	0.99	2.0
Carbofuran	31	21	7231	20	1.1	0.7	1.7
Permethrin (crops)	16	11	3197	9	1.8	1.03	3.0
Permethrin (animals)	11	8	3541	10	1.3	0.7	2.4
Herbicides (any)	119	74	28973	74	1.2	0.8	1.9
Phenoxyacetate (any)	101	64	21222	55	1.9	1.2	2.8
2,4,5-T	46	32	5841	16	2.0	1.3	3.0
2,4,5-TP	18	13	2390	7	1.7	1.03	2.9
2,4-D	98	62	20689	54	1.8	1.2	2.7
Triazine (any)	79	50	19414	50	1.2	0.7	1.8
Atrazine	74	47	17889	47	1.2	0.8	1.8
Cyanazine	41	28	10175	28	1.3	0.9	2.0
Metribuzin	40	28	10756	30	1.2	0.8	1.9
Other herbicides
Alachlor	59	39	13154	36	1.4	0.9	2.1
Butylate	30	21	7886	22	1.2	0.7	1.8
Chlorimuron ethyl	28	20	7887	22	1.2	0.7	1.9
Dicamba	44	30	12012	33	1.1	0.7	1.7
EPTC	17	12	4618	13	1.2	0.7	2.0
Glyphosate	103	64	23493	61	1.4	0.99	2.0
Imazethapyr	32	23	9503	26	1.1	0.7	1.8
Metolachlor	41	28	10728	29	1.2	0.8	1.8
Paraquat	30	20	5542	15	1.5	0.9	2.3
Pendimethalin	31	22	9912	27	0.9	0.6	1.4
Petroleum oil	39	27	11165	31	0.9	0.6	1.4
Trifluralin	51	36	12775	35	1.2	0.8	1.9
Fungicides (any)	51	32	9337	24	1.5	1.04	2.1
Benomyl	18	12	2548	7	1.7	0.99	2.8
Captan	20	14	3009	8	2.0	1.2	3.3
Chlorothalonil	11	7	1965	5	1.2	0.7	2.3
Maneb	13	9	2627	7	1.1	0.6	2.0
Metalaxyl	24	17	5459	15	1.1	0.7	1.8
Fumigants (any)	28	18	6032	16	1.0	0.6	1.5
Carbon tetrachloride	11	8	1542	4	1.4	0.7	2.6
Ethylene dibromide	10	7	884	2	2.8	1.5	5.6
Methyl bromide	17	11	4106	11	0.8	0.5	1.4

Note: AHS, Agricultrual Health Study; AMD, age-related macular degeneration; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; EPTC, S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate; OR, odds ratio. 2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4,5,-TP, 2-propionic acid (fenoprop).

^aAdjusted for age, gender, and smoking.