Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of participants in the VHEMBE study, Limpopo, South Africa ($n=751$).

Characteristic	$\mathit{n}$	(%)a
Maternal age (years)
18–24	377	(50.2)
25–30	172	(22.9)
30–35	111	(14.8)
$>35$	91	(12.1)
Primary language
Tshivenda	734	(97.7)
Tshitsonga (Xitsonga)	14	(1.9)
Tshipedi (Sepedi)	3	(0.4)
Married or living as married
No	392	(52.2)
Yes	359	(47.8)
Education
$<\text{Grade}12$	412	(54.9)
Completed grade 12	229	(30.5)
Further studies started	50	(6.7)
Diploma or further degree	60	(8.0)
Povertyb
Above food poverty line	310	(41.3)
Below food poverty line	438	(58.3)
Don’t know	3	(0.4)
Parity
0	325	(43.3)
1	201	(26.8)
$\ge 2$	225	(30.0)
Mother ever had malaria
No	727	(96.8)
Yes	24	(3.2)

^aPercentages may not add to 100% due to rounding.

^bFood poverty line based on Statistics South Africa (370 Rands or about $\$25$ monthly income per household member) (W. Ruch, written communication, May 2014; Statistics South Africa 2014).