Table 2.

DDT and DDE serum concentrations in VHEMBE participants, Limpopo, South Africa (ng/g-lipid).

Isomer	$\%>\mathrm{L}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{D}$a	$\%>\mathrm{L}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{Q}$b	GMc	GSDc	Min	10th%	25th%	Median	75th%	90th%	Max
p,p′-DDT	98.0	90.7	69.6	6.7	$<\text{LOQ}$	8.1	19.0	55.3	259.3	946.2	15027.6
o,p′-DDT	90.5	66.6	-	-	$<\text{LOQ}$	$<\text{LOQ}$	$<\text{LOQ}$	7.1	22.6	72.0	2029.3
p,p′-DDE	100.0	97.2	287.9	4.8	$<\text{LOQ}$	44.7	91.8	242.2	878.7	2577.7	26301.3
o,p′-DDE	82.7	48.2	-	-	$<\text{LOQ}$	$<\text{LOQ}$	$<\text{LOQ}$	$<\text{LOQ}$	6.9	13.0	117.5

^a$\text{LOD}=\text{limit}\text{of}\text{detection}$. LOD for p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, and o,p′-DDE was $0.01\mathrm{ng/mL}$ and the LOD for p,p′-DDE was 0.03 $0.03\mathrm{ng/mL}$.

^b$\text{LOQ}=\text{limit}\text{of}\text{quantification}$. LOQ for p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, and o,p′-DDE was $0.03\mathrm{ng/mL}$ and the LOQ for p,p′-DDE was $0.15\mathrm{ng/mL}$.

^c$\text{GM}=\text{geometric}\text{mean}$, $\text{GSD}=\text{geometric}\text{standard}\text{deviation}$. GM and GSD not calculated for o,p′ isomers due to lower detection frequencies. For p,p′-DDT/E, GM and GSD calculations include values below the LOD using imputed values from maximum likelihood estimates of the lognormal distribution and values below the LOQ, but above the LOD, using GC/MS machine-read values.