Table 2.

Predictors of exacerbation during 1-year follow-up period

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate model 1a			Multivariate model 2b
	OR	95% CI	P-value	aOR	95% CI	P-value	aOR	95% CI	P-value
Age	0.98	0.93–1.02	0.33	0.98	0.92–1.03	0.39	1.00	0.95–1.07	0.85
Sex (male)	1.19	0.10–13.50	0.89	0.41	0.02–8.77	0.57	1.05	0.05–23.83	0.97
History of exacerbation in the past year	3.36	1.55–7.27	<0.01				3.36	1.38–8.19	0.01
Smoking packs/year	1.01	0.99–1.02	0.25	1.01	0.99–1.02	0.45	1.00	0.99–1.02	0.70
FEV1 (%)	0.98	0.96–1.00	0.03	0.98	0.96–1.00	0.14	0.98	0.96–1.01	0.18
FVC (%)	1.00	0.98–1.02	0.90
FEV1/FVC	0.95	0.92–0.99	0.01
mMRC ≥2	0.92	0.42–1.99	0.83
SGRQ ≥25	1.48	0.66–3.29	0.34
CAT ≥10	1.60	0.57–4.47	0.37
CAT ≥15	2.61	1.17–5.80	0.02	2.58	1.03–6.50	0.04	2.40	0.92–6.25	0.07
CCQ ≥1	1.07	0.34–3.43	0.90
CCQ ≥1.4	0.84	0.38–1.82	0.65
Use of LAMA	1.33	0.62–2.82	0.46
Use of ICS/LABA	1.25	0.59–2.61	0.56	0.98	0.42–2.26	0.96	1.03	0.43–2.45	0.95

Notes:

^aMultivariate analysis was performed by adjusting for age, sex, baseline FEV₁%, CAT ≥15, smoking packs/year, and use of ICS/LABA.

^bMultivariate analysis was performed by adjusting for age, sex, history of exacerbation in the past year, baseline FEV₁%, CAT ≥15, smoking packs/year, and use of ICS/LABA.

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted OR; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; CCQ, Clinical COPD Questionnaire; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting β₂ receptor agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic receptor agonist; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; OR, odds ratio; SGRQ, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.