Table 1.
Population characteristics and deaths due to skin cancer ().
| Characteristic | Cohort | Deathsa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full study sample | Nonmovers | MM primary (main model) | MM all (S1) | primary (S2) | all (S3) | NMSC all (S4) | |
| Age | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 48.2 (17.1) | 56.0 (16.8) | 64.8 (14.5) | 65.8 (14.5) | 66.8 (14.7) | 69.3 (14.8) | 78.3 (11.5) |
| Range | 20.0–106.1 | 20.0–106.1 | 20.3–97.7 | 20.3–97.7 | 20.3–100.3 | 20.2–100.3 | 27.3–100.3 |
| Sex, (%) | |||||||
| Male | 2,535,842 (48.3) | 1,183,084 (47.4) | 1,092 (57.5) | 1,235 (57.3) | 1,365 (58.1) | 1,728 (57.8) | 496 (59.2) |
| Female | 2,713,620 (51.7) | 1,312,931 (52.6) | 808 (42.5) | 922 (42.7) | 984 (41.9) | 1,261 (42.2) | 342 (40.8) |
| Civil status, (%) | |||||||
| Single | 1,228,004 (23.4) | 439,962 (17.6) | 190 (10.0) | 209 (9.7) | 231 (9.8) | 280 (9.4) | 71 (8.5) |
| Married | 3,286,724 (62.6) | 1,658,643 (66.5) | 1,304 (68.6) | 1,452 (67.3) | 1,561 (66.5) | 1,887 (63.1) | 440 (52.5) |
| Widowed | 354,562 (6.8) | 260,613 (10.4) | 283 (14.9) | 356 (16.5) | 408 (17.4) | 638 (21.3) | 283 (33.8) |
| Divorced | 380,172 (7.2) | 136,797 (5.5) | 123 (6.5) | 140 (6.5) | 149 (6.3) | 184 (6.2) | 44 (5.3) |
| Mother tongue, (%) | |||||||
| German | 3,377,019 (64.3) | 1,699,651 (68.1) | 1,410 (74.2) | 1,604 (74.4) | 1,707 (72.7) | 2,184 (73.1) | 584 (69.7) |
| French | 1,037,545 (19.8) | 504,472 (20.2) | 342 (18.0) | 393 (18.2) | 462 (19.7) | 591 (19.8) | 200 (23.9) |
| Italian | 372,662 (7.1) | 195,761 (7.8) | 107 (5.6) | 113 (5.2) | 129 (5.5) | 155 (5.2) | 42 (5.0) |
| Other | 462,236 (8.8) | 96,131 (3.9) | 41 (2.2) | 47 (2.2) | 51 (2.2) | 59 (2.0) | 12 (1.4) |
| Education, (%)b | |||||||
| Compulsory education or less | 1,206,261 (23.0) | 671,863 (26.9) | 511 (26.9) | 603 (28.0) | 691 (29.4) | 935 (31.3) | 335 (40.0) |
| Upper secondary level education | 2,808,528 (53.5) | 1,372,235 (55.0) | 953 (50.2) | 1,078 (50.0) | 1,152 (49.0) | 1,445 (48.3) | 370 (44.2) |
| Tertiary level education | 1,092,115 (20.8) | 427,330 (17.1) | 415 (21.8) | 450 (20.9) | 483 (20.6) | 571 (19.1) | 121 (14.4) |
| Not known | 142,558 (2.7) | 24,587 (1.0) | 21 (1.1) | 26 (1.2) | 23 (1.0) | 38 (1.3) | 12 (1.4) |
| Geographic region, (%) | |||||||
| Lake Geneva | 936,047 (17.8) | 430,820 (17.3) | 300 (15.8) | 335 (15.5) | 400 (17.0) | 497 (16.6) | 164 (19.6) |
| Espace Mittelland | 1,208,921 (23.0) | 613,749 (24.6) | 491 (25.8) | 562 (26.1) | 618 (26.3) | 788 (26.4) | 226 (27.0) |
| Northwestern Switzerland | 732,406 (14.0) | 361,965 (14.5) | 264 (13.9) | 300 (13.9) | 310 (13.2) | 399 (13.3) | 100 (11.9) |
| Zurich | 930,514 (17.7) | 387,148 (15.5) | 325 (17.1) | 364 (16.9) | 382 (16.3) | 487 (16.3) | 123 (14.7) |
| Eastern Switzerland | 729,672 (13.9) | 351,222 (14.1) | 277 (14.6) | 316 (14.6) | 334 (14.2) | 431 (14.4) | 117 (14.0) |
| Central Switzerland | 473,517 (9.0) | 232,167 (9.3) | 165 (8.7) | 195 (9.0) | 206 (8.8) | 269 (9.0) | 75 (8.9) |
| Ticino | 238,385 (4.5) | 118,944 (4.8) | 78 (4.1) | 85 (3.9) | 99 (4.2) | 118 (3.9) | 33 (3.9) |
| Job Position, (%)c | |||||||
| High | 415,846 (7.9) | 140,618 (5.6) | 100 (5.3) | 107 (5.0) | 104 (4.4) | 116 (3.9) | 9 (1.1) |
| Medium | 1,863,641 (35.5) | 737,282 (29.5) | 368 (19.4) | 388 (18.0) | 396 (16.9) | 423 (14.2) | 35 (4.2) |
| Low | 1,121,254 (21.4) | 457,813 (18.3) | 230 (12.1) | 247 (11.5) | 255 (10.9) | 284 (9.5) | 38 (4.5) |
| Other | 1,848,721 (35.2) | 1,160,302 (46.5) | 1,202 (63.3) | 1,415 (65.6) | 1,594 (67.9) | 2,166 (72.5) | 756 (90.2) |
| Type of area, (%) | |||||||
| Urban | 3,377,624 (64.3) | 1,502,255 (60.2) | 1,180 (62.1) | 1,352 (62.7) | 1,444 (61.5) | 1,860 (62.2) | 511 (61.0) |
| Intermediate | 1,192,481 (22.7) | 609,414 (24.4) | 473 (24.9) | 525 (24.3) | 584 (24.9) | 720 (24.1) | 196 (23.4) |
| Rural | 679,357 (12.9) | 384,346 (15.4) | 247 (13.0) | 280 (13.0) | 321 (13.7) | 409 (13.7) | 131 (15.6) |
| Outdoor occupation with UV exposure, (%) | |||||||
| No | 5,008,685 (95.4) | 2,375,368 (95.2) | 1,849 (97.3) | 2,105 (97.6) | 2,294 (97.7) | 2,930 (98.0) | 830 (99.0) |
| Yes | 240,777 (4.6) | 120,647 (4.8) | 51 (2.7) | 52 (2.4) | 55 (2.3) | 59 (2.0) | 8 (1.0) |
| Radon exposure, | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 91.8 (45.6) | 95.7 (47.4) | 95.2 (48.8) | 94.8 (48.7) | 95.7 (49.9) | 95.0 (49.2) | 95.5 (50.3) |
| Range | 5.2–472.0 | 5.6–472.0 | 18.1–394.3 | 18.1–394.3 | 18.1–394.3 | 16.7–394.3 | 16.7–336.3 |
| Interquartile range | 47.8 | 50.2 | 47.8 | 48.0 | 49.3 | 48.7 | 51.2 |
| UV-erythemal dose, | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 8.5 (0.5) | 8.5 (0.5) | 8.5 (0.6) | 8.5 (0.6) | 8.5 (0.6) | 8.5 (0.6) | 8.6 (0.6) |
| Range | 7.1–13.6 | 7.1–12.5 | 7.4–11.2 | 7.4–11.2 | 7.4–11.2 | 7.4–11.2 | 7.4–11.1 |
| Interquartile range | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
Note: MM, malignant melanoma; NMSC, non-melanoma skin cancer; S1 (2,3,4), sensitivity analysis 1 (2,3,4); SD, standard deviation; UV, ultraviolet.
a
“Primary” indicates definitive primary cause of death; “All” indicates definitive primary cause of death, comcomitant, consecutive, or initial disease.
b
Highest completed education/training.
cOther job position refers to unemployed or not/no longer in paid employment and includes homemakers and retirees.