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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 22.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Neurol. 2017 Oct 22;82(4):602–614. doi: 10.1002/ana.25049

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

Comparison of dendritic spine head diameter in controls, CAD, and AD cases. (A) Mean spine head diameter was reduced significantly in AD compared to controls (ANOVA: P=0.0032; Tukey: AD P=0.0032), while CAD was reduced compared to controls (ANOVA: CAD P=0.0611). (B) The cumulative frequency plots of individual spines indicates that each group segregates based on spine head diameter (Kolmogorov-Smirnov: controls-CAD D=0.09061, P=0.0002; controls-AD D=0.06866, P=0.0005; CAD-AD D=0.06968, P=0.0070). (C) Distribution of spine head diameter in control, CAD, and AD cases. Each dot represents the average spine head diameter per individual dendrite that was imaged. (D) Linear regression analysis of spine head diameter measured across all cases with age. Each dot represents the average spine head diameter for each individual case. The average spine head diameter was plotted against the age of each individual. Age represented in years. (E) Average spine head diameter per individual was graphed based on sex. (F) Mean head diameter for thin spines was reduced in CAD cases compared to controls and AD (ANOVA: P=0.0036; Tukey: controls P=0.057, AD P=0.0024). (G) The cumulative distribution of thin spine head diameters for each disease state was plotted. The cumulative frequency plots indicated that CAD cases segregate from AD based on thin spine head diameter Kolmogorov-Smirnov: AD D=0.1034, P=0.0101). (H) Mean head diameter was reduced significantly for stubby spines in AD compared to CAD and controls (ANOVA: P<0.0001; Tukey: CAD P=0.0015, controls P=0.0003). (I) The cumulative distribution of stubby spine head diameters for each disease state was plotted. The cumulative frequency plots indicated that AD cases segregate from controls and CAD based on stubby spine head diameter (Kolmogorov-Smirnov: controls D=0.1421, P<0.0001; CAD D=0.1512, P=0.0010). (J) Mean head diameter for mushroom spines was similar among control, CAD, and AD cases. (K) The cumulative distribution of mushroom spine head diameters for each disease state was plotted. The cumulative frequency plots indicated overlap among controls, CAD, and AD cases based on mushroom spine head diameter. Lines represent the mean ± SEM.