Putative fossil gametophytes and sporophytes preserved as thin coalified films (Early Devonian). (a–c) Sciadophyton (Germany). (a) Basal regions of several plants with leafless axes radiating from a central point. Scale bar, 1 cm. (b) Upper surface of disc-shaped terminal gametangiophore. Scale bar, 0.5 cm. (c) Details of upper surface of gametangiophore with small circular mounds (arrows) interpreted as gametangia. Scale bar, 1 mm. (d) Cooksonia paranensis (Brazil) sporophyte with trumpet-shaped apices interpreted as sporangia. Scale bar, ca 2 mm. First published in [67]. (e,f) Pisa37 (Brazil). First published in [68]. (e) Gametangiophore with flared apex. Scale bar, 2 mm. (f) Details of apex with small rounded to elongate bodies (arrows) interpreted as gametangia. Scale bar, 1 mm. (g) Pertonella sp. (Brazil) with flared apices (interpreted as sporangia) bearing small projections. Scale bar, 0.5 mm. First published in [69]. Images d, e, f, g courtesy of Philippe Gerrienne.