Table 12.
Studies of SPG blocks for other syndromes
| Other syndromes | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Year | Medical problems | Approach | Imaging | Medication | Number of cases | Study design | Outcome |
| Byrd et al. [73] | 1930 | “Remote dysfunctions” | Cotton tipped applicator, transnasal approach | None | 50% butyn | Over 2000 cases | Case series | Remote dysfunctions were arrested |
| Sparer et al. [74] | 1935 | Recurrent convulsive seizures associated with nasal pathology | Needle injection | None | Mixture of alcohol and novocaine | 3 | Case series | Cessation of seizures |
| Ruskin et al. [29] | 1946 | Muscle spasms and arthritic pain | Unknown | None | cocaine, novocaine or nupercaine | 68 | Case series | Pain partially or completely relieved with SPGB and intramuscular injections of ironyl and calcium ascorbate |
| Amster et al. [28] | 1948 | 4 migraine, 2 acute torticollis, 12 painful spastic shoulder, 2 intercostal neuritis, 3 herpes zosters, 4 persistent hiccups, 5 ureteral colic, 3 dysmenorrhea, 7 peripheral painful vascular spasm, 61 lumbosacral and sacroiliac pain | Cotton tipped applicator, transnasal approach | None | Nupercaine, pontocaine, monocaine | 103 | Case series | Relief of pain and spasm in 90% of cases |
| Ruskin et al. [75] | 1949 | Arthritic pain | Unknown | None | Unknown | 30 | Case series | Pain partially or completely relieved with SPGB and iron salt of the adenylic nucleotide |
| Slade et al. [51] | 1986 | Tear secretion with topical anesthesia | Needle injection, through the greater palatine foramen | None | 2% lidocaine | 10 | Case-control (using self as control) | Tear secretion significantly reduced by 73% (p < 0.001) |
| Henneberger et al. [36] | 1988 | Nicotine addiction | Cotton tipped applicator, transnasal approach | None | Bupivacaine, cocaine or saline | 6 with bupivacaine, 5 with cocaine, 6 with saline | Double-blind placebo-controlled | Significantly fewer symptoms of discomfort for patients in the anesthetic treatment groups than the placebo group |
| Silverman et al. [37] | 1993 | Experimentally induced pain (submaximal effort tourniquet test) | Cotton tipped applicator | None | 20% lidocaine and epinephrine | 16 healthy volunteers | Double-blind, cross-over study | No significant difference between experimental and placebo groups |
| Quevedo et al. [76] | 2005 | Complex regional pain syndrome involving the lower extremity | Cotton tip applicator, transnasal | None | 4% tetracaine | 2 | Case series | 50% pain reduction |
| Triantafyllidi et al. [77] | 2016 | Hypertension | Cotton tip applicator, transnasal | None | 2% lidocaine | 22 | Cohort study | Systolic blood pressure significantly decreased by 24 hrs and by 21-30 days |