Table 1.

Key Scientists Advocating non-Gradualist Evolution in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

Evolutionist	Non-Gradual Evolutionary Process
William Bateson (1861–1926)	Discontinuous variation
Hugo de Vries (1848–1935)	Abrupt mutational variation
Konstantin Mereschkowsky (1855–1921)	Evolution by symbiogenesis
Ivan E. Wallin (1883–1969)	Evolution by symbiogenesis (“Symbionticism”)
Boris Mikhailovich Kozo-Polyansky, (1890–1957)	Evolution by symbiogenesis
George Gaylord Simpson (1902–1984)	Quantum evolution
Richard Goldschmidt (1878–1958)	“Hopeful monsters” formed by redirecting developmental programs
George Ledyard Stebbins (1906–2000)	Hybrid Speciation (“Cataclysmic Evolution”)
Niles Eldredge (b. 1943) and Stephen J. Gould (1941–2002)	Punctuated equilibrium
Lynn Margulis (1938–2011)	Evolution by symbiogenesis

A fully referenced version of this table is available online as Supplementary Table S1.