Table 1.
Occurrence of antibiotic residues in meat samples using ELISA, TLC, and HPLC methods.
| Meat Type | N | Ciprofloxacin | Streptomycin | Sulphanilamide | Tetracycline | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ELISA (%) | TLC (%) | HPLC (%) | ELISA (%) | TLC (%) | HPLC (%) | * ELISA (%) | ** TLC (%) | ** HPLC (%) | ELISA (%) | TLC (%) | HPLC (%) | ||
| Chicken | |||||||||||||
| Muscle | 25 | 14 (56) | 3 (12) | Nil | 9 (36) | 5 (20) | 3 (12) | 3 (12) | 3 (12) | 2 (8) | 5 (20) | 3 (12) | 3 (12) |
| Liver | 25 | 18 (72) | 7 (28) | 2 (11) | 12 (48) | 8 (32) | 6 (24) | 7 (28) | 7 (28) | 7 (28) | 9 (36) | 8 (32) | 8 (32) |
| Beef | |||||||||||||
| Muscle | 15 | 14 (93) | Nil | Nil | 5 (33.3) | Nil | Nil | 1 (6.6) | 1 (6.6) | 1 (6.6) | 3 (20) | Nil | Nil |
| Liver | 17 | 10 (58) | 4 (23.5) | 1 (10) | 8 (47) | 6 (35.2) | 5 (29.4) | 5 (29.4) | 5 (29.4) | 5 (29.4) | 5 (29.4) | 4 (23.5) | 4 (23.5) |
| Kidney | 18 | 7 (38) | Nil | Nil | 8 (44) | 3 (16.6) | 3 (16.6) | 5 (27) | 4 (22.2) | 4 (22.2) | 5 (27.7) | 2 (11.1) | 2 (11.1) |
| Pork | |||||||||||||
| Muscle | 16 | 8 (50) | Nil | Nil | 3 (19) | 1 (6.25) | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | 3 (18.7) | 1 (6.25) | 1 (6.25) |
| Kidney | 11 | 5 (45.5) | 1 (9) | 1 (9) | 7 (64) | 4 (36.3) | 4 (36.3) | 4 (36.4) | 3 (27.7) | 3 (27.7) | 4 (36.3) | 2 (18.1) | 2 (18.1) |
| Liver | 23 | 8 (34.7) | 3 (13) | 3 (13) | 4 (17) | 1 (4.3) | 1 (4.3) | 2 (8.7) | 2 (8.6) | 2 (8.6) | 4 (17.3) | 2 (8.69) | 2 (8.69) |
| Total Occurrence (%) | 150 | 84 (56) | 18 (21.4) | 7 (8.3) | 51 (34) | 15 (29.4) | 22 (41.1) | 27 (18) | 25 (92.5) | 24 (88.8) | 38 (25.3) | 22 (14.6) | 22 (14.6) |
N = number of meat samples, (%) = Percentage of positive samples,* ELISA—The combined sulphonamide standard from the kit was used for the ELISA analysis. ** = only positive samples from ELISA were subjected to TLC and HPLC analysis using the sulphanilamide standard.