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. 2018 Jan;188(1):111–124. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.09.009

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Interactions of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein (IGFBP)-1 with mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and casein kinase (CSNK)-2β visualized by proximity ligation assay (PLA). Representative PLA images where the PLA signal (red) represents close proximity (<40 nm) between two proteins. A: IGFBP-1 interaction with its ligand IGF-I serving as a positive control. B: Without primary antibodies, no PLA signal is observed. C and D: Representative PLA images of IGFBP-1 and CSNK-2β (C) and mTOR and CSNK-2β (D) showing a distinct PLA signal, suggesting interaction among these proteins. E: No signal is visible when PLA targeted IGFBP-1 and mTOR, suggesting minimal interaction between these two proteins. Scale bars: 20 μm.