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. 2013 Dec;183(6):1871–1884. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.09.001

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Effect of TNF-α on the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in mouse small intestinal tissue in vivo. A: TNF-α (5 μg) causes an increase in mouse intestinal mucosal-to-serosal flux of dextran 10K. B: TNF-α causes a time-dependent increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation; total ERK1/2 was used for equal protein loading. C: TNF-α causes a time-dependent increase in mouse intestinal ERK1/2 activity as determined by ELISA-based assay. D: TNF-α causes an increase in mouse MLCK mRNA levels. E: TNF-α causes an increase in mouse MLCK protein expression. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. n = 6 (C and D); n = 8 (A). Experimental period, 24 hours (A, D, and E). ∗P < 0.001, ∗∗P < 0.0001 versus control.