Table 2.
Violence Exposure Variables.
| Variable | Items | Coding |
|---|---|---|
| (1) Teacher violence | Emotional violence: Cursed, insulted, shouted at or humiliated you? Referred to your skin colour/gender/religion/tribe or health problems you have in a hurtful way? Stopped you from being with other children to make you feel bad or lonely? Tried to embarrass you because you were an orphan or without a parent? Embarrassed you because you were unable to buy things? Stole or broke or ruined your belongings? Threatened you with bad marks that you didn’ t deserve? Accused you of witchcraft? | Coded 1 if answered yes about lifetime experience (from teacher/school staff) to any of the items; coded 0 if answered no to all |
| Severe physical violence: Burnt you as punishment? Choked you? Tried to cut you purposefully with a sharp object? Severely beat you up? Tied you up with a rope or a belt at school? | ||
| Sexual violence: Teased you or made sexual comments about your breasts, genitals, buttocks or other body parts? Touched your body in a sexual way or in a way that made you uncomfortable? Showed you pictures, magazines, or movies of people or children doing sexual things? Made you take your clothes off when it was not for a medical reason? Opened or took their own clothes off in front of you when they should not have done so? Kissed you when you didn’ t want to be kissed? Made you touch their genitals, breasts or buttocks when you didn’ t want to? Touched your genitals, breasts or buttocks when you didn’ t want them to? Gave you money/things to do sexual things? Involved you in making sexual pictures or videos? Threatened or pressured you to have sex or do sexual things with them? Actually made you have sex with them by threatening or pressuring you, or by making you afraid of what they might do? Made you have sex with them by physically forcing you? | ||
| (2)Peer violence | Emotional violence/neglect: Insulted you, or called you rude or hurtful names? Accused you of witchcraft? Locked you out or made you stay outside? Not given you food? | Coded 1 if answered yes about lifetime experience (from female/male student) to any of the items; coded 0 if answered no to all |
| Severe physical violence: Punched you, kicked you, or hit you with a closed fist? Cut you with a sharp object or burnt you? | ||
| Sexual violence: Disturbed or bothered you by making sexual comments about you? Kissed you, when you did not want them to? Touched your genitals or breasts when you did not want them to, or in a way that made you uncomfortable? Threaten or pressure you to make you do something sexual with them? Make you have sex with them, because they threatened or pressured you? Had sex with you, by physically forcing you? | ||
| (3) Caregiver violence | Same items as for peer violence above | Same Coding as for peer violence above |
| (4)IPV Exposure | Have you ever seen or overheard your parents or caregivers shouting at each other? Have you ever seen or overheard your father hit or beat your mother? | Coded 1 if answered yes to any of the items; coded 0 if answered no to all |