FIG. 4.

Caspase-9 immunofluorescence. IF images showing caspase-9 (red—expression increases when mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis is activated), phalloidin (green—binds to f-actin to reveal overall cellular morphology), and DAPI (blue—identifies cell nuclei). (A) Unstarved PDK4^wt/wt, (B) starved PDK4^wt/wt, (C) starved PDK4^wt/del, (D) starved PDK4^wt/del treated with AAV-PDK4, (E) starved PDK4^del/del, and (F) starved PDK4^del/del treated with AAV-PDK4. Untreated, starved PDK4-deficient cells appear to express more caspase-9 than healthy or AAV-PDK4-treated PDK4-deficient cells. IF, immunofluorescence.