Table 2.

Typical values for the bulk physicochemical fuel properties of biooil.

Physicochemical fuel properties	Values
Water content	15–30%, wt
Acidity	pH 2–3.5
Density	1.0–1.5 g/mL
Viscosity	10−3–104 Pa·s
Heating value	15–25 MJ/kg
Ash content	0.01–0.15%, wt
MW distribution of organic components	30–10000 Da
Mineral contents	10–50 ppm
Solid content	0.2–3.5%, wt
Surface tension	15–30 mM/m (25°C)
Flash point	40–120°C
Elemental contents	C (50–65%), H (5–8%), O (30–40%), N (0.1–0.8%), S (0.01–0.2%), wt