Table 3.
child immunization coverage indicators and caregiver knowledge, attitude, and behaviors related to immunizations in the second year of life among children 24-35 months in 3 regions in Ghana, baseline survey, March 2016
| Northern RegionN = 211 | Volta RegionN = 153 | Greater Accra RegionN = 100 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of responses | % (95%CI) | Number of responses | % (95%CI) | Number of responses | % (95%CI) | |
| Vaccination card data | ||||||
| Card available for review | 189 | 90 (83-94) | 130 | 88 (80-92) | 73 | 81 (69-90) |
| Immunization coverage estimates among card holders | ||||||
| Third-dose pentavalent vaccine | 168 | 88 (80-94) | 126 | 96 (88-99) | 72 | 95 (76-99) |
| MCV1 | 161 | 87 (78-92) | 124 | 96 (90-99) | 72 | 99 (94-100) |
| MCV2 | 113 | 60 (46-72) | 106 | 83 (74-90) | 54 | 70 (49-85) |
| Fully immunized (among card holders)+ | 88 | 44 (35-54) | 98 | 77 (65-85) | 51 | 67 (47-83) |
| Immunization dropout rates | ||||||
| First-dose pentavalent vaccine to MCV1 | 20 | 11 (6-19) | 5 | 4 (2-9) | 0 | 0 (0-0) |
| MCV1 to MCV2 | 52 | 32 (23-44) | 20 | 14 (8-24) | 20 | 31 (16-52) |
| Card indicated return date for MCV2 | 12 | 5 (2-15) | 3 | 1 (0-5) | 7 | 19 (5-50) |
| Caregiver knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors | ||||||
| Aware of immunization against measles | 141 | 69 (55-80) | 113 | 75 (64-84) | 72 | 68 (51-81) |
| Ages immunizations against measles routinely given to children | ||||||
| Both 9 & 18 months | 9 | 4 (1-9) | 10 | 9 (5-16) | 23 | 44 (26-64) |
| 9 months | 30 | 16 (8-29) | 42 | 35 (23-50) | 20 | 29 (17-46) |
| 18 months | 4 | 2 (1-6) | 9 | 9 (4-18) | 3 | 3 (1-9) |
| Neither | 35 | 27 (18-40) | 14 | 12 (6-23) | 11 | 12 (6-22) |
| Don't know | 63 | 51 (38-64) | 38 | 35 (23-50) | 15 | 13 (6-27) |
| Attended 18-month well-child visit | 153 | 75 (61-86) | 125 | 82 (74-88) | 77 | 78 (64-87) |
| Main reasons for bringing child for 18-month well-child visit | ||||||
| Measles vaccine | 26 | 14 (7-27) | 41 | 34 (23-45) | 27 | 30 (18-46) |
| Growth monitoring | 70 | 54 (39-68) | 59 | 48 (35-61) | 40 | 62 (45-76) |
| Other+ | 57 | 32 (23-43) | 25 | 19 (11-31) | 10 | 8 (4-17) |
| Importance of immunizations by age | ||||||
| Same importance | 83 | 42 (30-54) | 76 | 54 (41-66) | 54 | 60 (43-75) |
| More important to vaccinate infants less than 12 months | 111 | 51 (40-62) | 69 | 41 (29-54) | 39 | 36 (23-53) |
| More important to vaccinate children 12-23 months | 2 | 1 (0-3) | 5 | 4 (2-8) | 2 | 1 (0-6) |
| Don’t know | 14 | 7 (3-15) | 3 | 2 (1-6) | 3 | 2 (1-9) |
| Commonly reported sources of immunization information | ||||||
| Healthcare provider | 145 | 68 (52-80) | 129 | 86 (73-94) | 98 | 91 (74-97) |
| Family and Friends | 55 | 29 (20-42) | 34 | 20 (13-30) | 10 | 11 (5-24) |
| Gong-gong++ | 40 | 19 (9-35) | 35 | 26 (14-44) | 2 | 1 (0-8) |
| Most trusted source of immunization information | ||||||
| Healthcare provider | 125 | 56 (45-66) | 115 | 77 (64-86) | 92 | 95 (89-98) |
| Gong-gong++ | 19 | 10 (4-26) | 14 | 9 (3-24) | 2 | 1 (0-6) |
| Would be willing to receive text messages about child’s immunizations including reminders | 119 | 57 (44-68) | 117 | 78 (68-86) | 94 | 96 (89-98) |
| Child stays with another adult during the day for childcare | 61 | 35 (23-49) | 25 | 16 (8-30) | 42 | 30 (17-48) |
| Child attends daycare+++ | 28 | 28 (12-52) | 11 | 47 (21-74) | 39 | 94 (82-98) |
| Receptive to child being immunized at a daycare++++ | 24 | 87 (63-96) | 11 | 100 (0-0) | 32 | 87 (73-94) |
Abbreviations: first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1); second-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV2); diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-hepatitis B-Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (first-dose pentavalent vaccine); diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-hepatitis B-Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (second-dose pentavalent vaccine);confidence intervals (CI); +Other includes: bednet distribution, vitamin A supplementation, deworming medication, told to return by healthcare worker, and unsure; +A child who received all antigens recommended by the Ghana Health Services including 1 dose of bacille Calmette–Guérin, 4 doses of oral polio vaccine, 3 doses of pentavalent (diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-hepatitis B-Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccine, 3 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, 2 doses of rotavirus vaccine, 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine, and 1 dose of yellow fever vaccine; ++A traditional method of communication during which the town crier beats a gong-gong, a metallic percussion instrument to draw people’s attention to messages he is providing; +++Answered by those with a child who stays with another adult during the day; ++++Answered by those with a child who attends a daycare; ++percentages account for clustering at the primary sampling unit (district) level and sampling weights.