Table 2.
Characteristics of immunization services at facilities, by facility type - Service Provision Assessment (SPA) surveys in Kenya (2010), Tanzania (2014-2015), Senegal (2012-2013), and Malawi (2013-2014)
| Public % | Private for-profit % (p value)1 | Private not-for-profit/NGO % (p value)1 | Mission/Faith-based % (p value)1 | p value2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facility characteristic | Kenya (N=690) | ||||
| Offers immunization service | 91 | 37 (<0.01) | 75 (0.08) | 80 (0.18) | <0.01 |
| Offers daily (≥20 days/month) pentavalent vaccination | 64 | 37 (<0.01) | 37 (0.03) | 47 (0.02) | <0.01 |
| Offers daily measles vaccination | 51 | 23 (<0.01) | 35 (0.16) | 29 (<0.01) | <0.01 |
| Health cards available3 | 92 | 87 | 87 | 89 | 0.74 |
| Client fee for immunization service | 20 | 75 (<0.01) | 43 (0.18) | 81 (<0.01) | <0.01 |
| Tanzania4(N=1188) | |||||
| Offers immunization service | 95 | 27 (<0.01) | 16 (<0.01) | 79 (<0.01) | <0.01 |
| Offers daily (≥20 days/month) pentavalent vaccination | 69 | 63 | 69 | 77 | 0.41 |
| Offers daily measles vaccination | 24 | 11 | 20 | 28 | 0.42 |
| Health cards available3 | 87 | 91 | 87 | 76 | 0.07 |
| Client fee for immunization service | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0.48 |
| Senegal5(N=364) | |||||
| Offers immunization service | 93 | 30 (<0.01) | - | 79 (0.22) | <0.01 |
| Offers daily (≥20 days/month) pentavalent vaccination | 40 | 44 (0.78) | - | 0 (<0.01) | 0.02 |
| Offers daily measles vaccination | 5 | 33 (0.22) | - | 0 (<0.01) | <0.01 |
| Health cards available3 | 89 | 86 | - | 87 | 0.93 |
| Client fee for immunization service | 36 | 34 | - | 12 | 0.27 |
| Malawi6(N=977) | |||||
| Offers immunization service | 96 | 25 | 33 | 95 | - |
| Offers daily (≥20 days/month) pentavalent vaccination | 43 | 13 | 26 | 46 | - |
| Offers daily measles vaccination | 40 | 8 | 21 | 41 | - |
| Health cards available3 | 57 | 46 | 42 | 58 | - |
| Client fee for immunization service | 0 | 7 | 5 | 3 | - |
p value (t-test) for pairwise difference in proportion compared to public facilities; test done only among those indicators where the overall chi-square test result indicated a significant difference between any facility types.
Chi square p-values for differences across all facility types.
Of facilities offering immunization services.
Tanzania categorized operating authority as public, private-for-profit, parastatal, or mission/faith-based. Parastatal facility data shown in private not-for-profit column.
Percentages not calculated for private not-for-profit category because only 1 private not-for-profit facility surveyed in Senegal.
No facility level statistical tests done for Malawi due to census design.