Table 3.
Nutrient intakes from food and total (foods and supplements) among cancer survivors and cancer-free individuals
| LS means (95% CI)a | Food only | P valueb | Foods + Supplements | P valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer survivors | Cancer-free individuals | Cancer survivors | Cancer-free individuals | |||
| All (n) | 400 | 10,387 | 400 | 10,387 | ||
| Calcium (mg/d) | 437.6 (400.9–477.6) | 413.6 (407–420.2) | 0.21 | 465.0 (425.1–508.7) | 424.8 (418.0–431.7) | 0.05 |
| Phosphorus (mg/d) | 1083.0 (1040.9–1126.9) | 1056.9 (1049.7–1064.0) | 0.23 | 1088.0 (1045.4–1132.2) | 1060.0 (1052.9–1067.2) | 0.21 |
| Iron (mg/d) | 13.3 (12.4–14.3) | 12.3 (12.1–12.5) | 0.04 | 13.9 (12.8–15.0) | 12.8 (12.6–13.0) | 0.04 |
| Vitamin A (μg RE/d) | 552.3 (491.8–620.2) | 531.0 (516.3–546.2) | 0.51 | 582.9 (517.7–656.4) | 560.9 (544.7–577.6) | 0.53 |
| Thiamine (mg/d) | 1.2 (1.1–1.2) | 1.1 (1.1–1.1) | 0.09 | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | 1.3 (1.3–1.3) | 0.35 |
| Riboflavin (mg/d) | 1.1 (1.0–1.1) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.01 | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | 0.03 |
| Niacin (mg/d) | 14.9 (14.3–15.5) | 14.4 (14.3–14.5) | 0.10 | 16.4 (15.4–17.4) | 15.6 (15.4–15.8) | 0.11 |
| Folate (μg DFE/d) | 335.7 (316.7–355.8) | 308.6 (304.4–312.8) | 0.01 | 358.5 (334.8–383.9) | 330.9 (325.8–336.2) | 0.02 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 87.9 (77.4–99.8) | 77.8 (76.1–79.6) | 0.06 | 111.5 (96.4–128.9) | 91.4 (89.0–93.9) | 0.01 |
| Among users (n) | 141 | 2651 | 141 | 2651 | ||
| Calcium (mg/d) | 443.5 (396.3–496.5) | 440.2 (425.9–454.9) | 0.89 | 532.5 (470.4–602.7) | 492.7 (475.7–510.4) | 0.22 |
| Phosphorus (mg/d) | 1080.4 (1022.9–1141.2) | 1092.9 (1078.7–1107.4) | 0.68 | 1096.3 (1037.9–1158.1) | 1107.7 (1093.0–1122.4) | 0.71 |
| Iron (mg/d) | 13.7 (12.5–15.1) | 13.1 (12.6–13.5) | 0.34 | 15.5 (13.7–17.4) | 15.2 (14.6–15.8) | 0.81 |
| Vitamin A (μg RE/d) | 543.9 (468.6–631.2) | 567.0 (539.2–596.2) | 0.59 | 645.3 (554.4–751.1) | 718.8 (678.5–761.4) | 0.17 |
| Thiamine (mg/d) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | 0.13 | 2.2 (1.7–2.8) | 2.4 (2.2–2.5) | 0.56 |
| Riboflavin (mg/d) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.92 | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | 1.9 (1.8–2.0) | 0.63 |
| Niacin (mg/d) | 14.7 (13.8–15.6) | 14.7 (14.4–14.9) | 0.99 | 20.1 (17.4–23.1) | 21.0 (20.2–21.9) | 0.54 |
| Folate (μg DFE/d) | 333.3 (306.1–362.9) | 321.3 (313.8–329) | 0.41 | 409 (359.3–465.7) | 434.8 (420.4–449.8) | 0.37 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 86.0 (73.7–100.4) | 82.8 (79.6–86.2) | 0.64 | 185.7 (145.2–237.3) | 170.6 (160.4–181.4) | 0.51 |
Abbreviations: LS means Least squares means, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, RE retinol equivalent, DFE dietary folate equivalent
aLeast square means adjusted for age (continuous, years), sex (men, women), energy intake (continuous, kcal/day), body mass index (continuous, kg/m2), and education level (elementary school or below, middle school, high school, and college or above) were obtained using PROC SURVEYREG
b P values were obtained based on the Wald’s F test