Table 4.
The proportions of below estimated average requirement (EAR) among cancer survivors and cancer-free individuals
| Nutrient | Cancer survivors | Cancer-free individuals | P valueb | P valuec | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Below EAR (SE) | % Below EAR (SE) | |||||||
| Food only | Foods and supplements | % Changea | Food only | Foods and supplements | % Changea | |||
| All (n) | 400 | 10,387 | ||||||
| Calcium (mg/d) | 64.2 (3.2) | 61.2 (3.1) | 4.7 | 64.7 (0.7) | 63.0 (0.7) | 2.6 | 0.88 | 0.57 |
| Phosphate (mg/d) | 9.8 (1.8) | 9.7 (1.8) | 1.0 | 7.9 (0.3) | 7.9 (0.3) | 0.0 | 0.27 | 0.28 |
| Iron (mg/d) | 18.6 (2.5) | 17.2 (2.5) | 7.5 | 22.1 (0.5) | 21.1 (0.5) | 4.5 | 0.20 | 0.15 |
| Vitamin A (μg RE/d) | 44.0 (3.1) | 40.3 (3.1) | 8.4 | 37.3 (0.7) | 35.6 (0.7) | 4.6 | 0.03 | 0.11 |
| Thiamin (mg/d) | 40.4 (3.2) | 36.3 (3.2) | 10.2 | 32.1 (0.6) | 29.3 (0.6) | 8.7 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| Riboflavin (mg/d) | 56.3 (3.1) | 49.1 (3.1) | 12.8 | 49.4 (0.7) | 45.6 (0.7) | 7.7 | 0.02 | 0.25 |
| Niacin (mg/d) | 35.4 (3.0) | 31.6 (2.7) | 10.7 | 27.8 (0.6) | 25.7 (0.6) | 7.6 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| Folate (μg/d) | 46.8 (3.3) | 43.5 (3.4) | 7.1 | 47.0 (0.7) | 43.7 (0.6) | 7.0 | 0.93 | 0.94 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 42.2 (3.2) | 35.9 (3.0) | 14.9 | 42.3 (0.7) | 37.8 (0.7) | 10.6 | 0.96 | 0.51 |
| Among users (n) | 141 | 2651 | ||||||
| Calcium (mg/d) | 68.7 (5.0) | 59.5 (5.2) | 13.4 | 58.7 (1.3) | 50.8 (1.3) | 13.5 | 0.06 | 0.11 |
| Phosphate (mg/d) | 7.0 (2.7) | 6.7 (2.7) | 4.3 | 5.7 (0.6) | 5.5 (0.6) | 3.5 | 0.63 | 0.64 |
| Iron (mg/d) | 19.5 (4.6) | 15.1 (4.2) | 22.6 | 18.2 (1.0) | 13.6 (0.9) | 25.3 | 0.79 | 0.71 |
| Vitamin A (μg RE/d) | 46.4 (5.4) | 35.4 (5.1) | 23.7 | 33.0 (1.2) | 24.9 (1.1) | 24.6 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| Thiamin (mg/d) | 42.9 (5.5) | 30.7 (5.5) | 28.4 | 30.8 (1.2) | 18.1 (1.0) | 41.2 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Riboflavin (mg/d) | 63.7 (5.3) | 42.1 (5.3) | 33.9 | 45.3 (1.3) | 28.2 (1.0) | 37.8 | 0.001 | 0.01 |
| Niacin (mg/d) | 36.4 (5.8) | 25.0 (5.0) | 31.3 | 26.4 (1.1) | 16.6 (0.9) | 37.1 | 0.06 | 0.05 |
| Folate (μg/d) | 52.7 (5.5) | 42.8 (5.6) | 18.8 | 43.3 (1.3) | 28.4 (1.1) | 34.4 | 0.10 | 0.01 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 44.6 (5.4) | 25.7 (4.5) | 42.4 | 38.6 (1.3) | 18.4 (0.9) | 52.3 | 0.27 | 0.07 |
Abbreviations: RE retinol equivalent, DFE dietary folate equivalents
aCalculated by dividing subtracted values (% below EAR from foods only – foods and supplements) by % below EAR from foods only
bRao-Scott chi-square p values were obtained using PROC SURVEYFREQ to compare the proportion of below EAR from foods between survivors and cancer-free individuals
cRao-Scott chi-square p values were obtained using PROC SURVEYFREQ to compare the proportion of below EAR from foods and supplements between survivors and cancer-free individuals