Table 1.
Population characteristics, lung function and physical activity measurements
| Males (n = 152) | Females (n = 189) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | ||
| mean years (SD) | 57.1 (5.8) | 57.5 (5.3) |
| Height * | ||
| mean cm (SD) | 177.0 (6.0) | 162.1 (6.0) |
| Weight * | ||
| mean kg (SD) | 88.8 (13.5) | 71.5 (14.4) |
| BMI* | ||
| n normal (BMI < 25) (%) | 27 (17.8) | 79 (41.8) |
| n overweight (≥ 25 BMI <30) (%) | 83 (54.6) | 61 (32.3) |
| n obese (BMI ≥ 30) (%) | 42 (27.6) | 49 (25.9) |
| Smoking status* | ||
| n never smokers (%) | 61 (40.1) | 98 (51.9) |
| n ex-smokers (%) | 77 (50.7) | 58 (30.7) |
| n current smokers (%) | 14 (9.2) | 33 (17.5) |
| Education* | ||
| n low (< 10 years of school) (%) | 68 (44.7) | 84 (44.4) |
| n medium (10 years of school) (%) | 34 (22.4) | 66 (34.9) |
| n high (> 10 years of school) (%) | 50 (32.9) | 39 (20.6) |
| Hay fever | ||
| n yes (%) | 22 (14.5) | 43 (22.8) |
| Problems in walking about, and/or pain or discomfort | ||
| n not at all/slight (%) | 135 (88.8) | 154 (81.9) |
| n moderate/extreme (%) | 17 (11.2) | 34 (18.1) |
| Lung function | ||
| FEV1* | ||
| mean l (SD) | 3.76 (0.57) | 2.66 (0.42) |
| FVC* | ||
| mean l (SD) | 4.88 (0.71) | 3.39 (0.56) |
| FEV1/FVC* | ||
| mean % (SD) | 77.08 (3.93) | 78.5 (4.14) |
| FEF25-75* | ||
| mean l/s (SD) | 3.16 (0.91) | 2.37 (0.63) |
| Z-score FEV1 | ||
| mean (SD) | 0.25 (0.86) | 0.32 (0.91) |
| Z-score FVC | ||
| mean (SD) | 0.29 (0.80) | 0.35 (0.87) |
| Z-score FEV1/FVC | ||
| mean (SD) | −0.12 (0.58) | −0.15 (0.63) |
| Z-score FEF25-75 | ||
| mean (SD) | −0.01 (0.78) | −0.01 (0.80) |
| TLCO, hemoglobin adjusted* | ||
| mean mmol/min/kPa (SD) | 9.88 (1.50) | 6.90 (1.07) |
| TLCO/VA* | ||
| mean mmol/min/kPa/l (SD) | 1.45 (0.16) | 1.38 (0.18) |
| PImax* | ||
| mean kPa (SD) | 9.77 (2.53) | 6.67 (2.12) |
| Physical activity | ||
| MVPA* | ||
| median of mean min/day (1st; 3rd quartile) | 35.2 (21.6; 49.9) | 28.3 (17.2; 46.7) |
| 10-min bout of MVPA achieved | ||
| n yes (%) | 104 (68.4) | 120 (63.5) |
| WHO threshold achieved | ||
| n yes (%) | 24 (15.8) | 26 (13.8) |
SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, FEV 1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, FEF 25-75 forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC, TLCO/VA transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide adjusted for hemoglobin and divided by alveolar volume, PI max maximum inspiratory mouth pressure, MVPA moderate to vigorous physical activity
*p < 0.05 (males vs. females)