Table 3. Results of the zero-inflated negative binomial model in a bivariate analysis.
| Variables | Negative binomial model | Zero-inflated model | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence Rate ratio* | 95% CI | P-value | Odds ratio* | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Population density–per km2 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.1079 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.0088 |
| Urban population—% | 0.98 | 0.96–1.01 | 0.2042 | 1.01 | 0.98–1.04 | 0.3586 |
| Improved sanitation coverage—% | 0.99 | 0.95–1.04 | 0.7772 | 1.00 | 0.98–1.03 | 0.8170 |
| Improved handwashing coverage—% | 1.01 | 0.96–1.05 | 0.8074 | 1.00 | 0.98–1.03 | 0.7508 |
| Sanitation and hygiene benchmark† | 1.02 | 0.99–1.05 | 0.1349 | 1.00 | 0.97–1.03 | 0.9080 |
| Improved water sources—% | 1.03 | 1.00–1.05 | 0.0366 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 0.3766 |
| Distance from center of the district to nearest hospital—km | 1.03 | 1.00–1.07 | 0.0359 | 0.99 | 0.95–1.02 | 0.4052 |
| Distance from the center of the district to nearest lake or river—km | 0.98 | 0.98–0.99 | 0.0004 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.4195 |
| Distance from the center of the district to nearest border of DRC or Kenya—km | 0.98 | 0.97–0.99 | < .0001 | 0.98 | 0.97–0.99 | < .0001 |
| Weighted incidence rate of the 1st order neighbor districts—per 100,000† | 1.01 | 1.00–1.02 | 0.0028 | 1.05 | 1.03–1.07 | < .0001 |
| Average annual rainfall during 2011–2015 (mm) | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.6943 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.0736 |
*Obtained by exponentiating the estimates obtained from the model
†Calculation of the benchmark score and weighted incidence rate of the 1st order neighbor districts have been described in the text