Table 3.
Regression Results—CABG 60-Day Mortality.
| Mortality | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main Model | 30-Day Window | 90-Day Window | Emergent Surgery | Survival >3 Days | |
| Patient variables | |||||
| Proportion of patients from outside the CBSA | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.05 (0.10) | 0.11 (0.09) | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.05 (0.09) |
| Charlson score (mean) | 0.07+ (0.04) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.07+ (0.04) | 0.07+ (0.04) | 0.07+ (0.04) |
| Proportion surviving >3 days post-surgery | 0.02 (0.33) | ||||
| Proportion requiring emergent surgery | -0.02 (0.08) | ||||
| Proportion living below federal poverty line (mean)† | −2.24*** (0.57) | −2.40*** (0.61) | −2.55*** (0.55) | −2.25*** (0.57) | −2.24*** (0.57) |
| Proportion with a bachelor’s degree (mean)† | −1.92*** (0.56) | −2.06*** (0.60) | −1.95*** (0.54) | −1.92*** (0.56) | −1.92*** (0.56) |
| Proportion living in a rural area (mean)† | 0.36** (0.13) | 0.49*** (0.14) | 0.31* (0.12) | 0.36** (0.13) | 0.36** (0.13) |
| Hospital variables | |||||
| Number of patients | 0.01*** (0.00) | 0.01*** (0.00) | 0.01*** (0.00) | 0.01*** (0.00) | 0.01*** (0.00) |
| Number of physicians | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) |
| Academic hospital | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.02 (0.04) |
| Total resident population (in thousands, log) | −0.04 (0.04) | −0.03 (0.05) | −0.02 (0.04) | −0.04 (0.04) | −0.04 (0.04) |
| Total black population (in thousands, log) | 0.05* (0.02) | 0.04* (0.02) | 0.05** (0.02) | 0.05* (0.02) | 0.05* (0.02) |
| Total Hispanic population (in thousands, log) | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.02) | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.01 (0.02) |
| Acute care hospital beds per 1,000 residents | 0.00 (0.03) | 0.00 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.03) | 0.00 (0.03) | 0.00 (0.03) |
| PCPs per 100,000 residents | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | −0.00+ (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) |
| Medical specialists per 100,000 residents | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) |
| Surgeons per 100,000 residents | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) |
| Network variables | |||||
| Teamwork | −1.78*** (0.24) | −1.71*** (0.26) | −1.77*** (0.24) | −1.78*** (0.24) | −1.78*** (0.24) |
| Other variables | |||||
| Year = 2009 | −0.16*** (0.03) | −0.17*** (0.03) | −0.18*** (0.03) | −0.16*** (0.03) | −0.16*** (0.03) |
| Year = 2010 | −0.25*** (0.03) | −0.27*** (0.03) | −0.27*** (0.03) | −0.25*** (0.03) | −0.25*** (0.03) |
| Imputed | −2.14*** (0.41) | −1.89*** (0.41) | −2.24*** (0.41) | −2.14*** (0.41) | −2.14*** (0.41) |
| Constant | 3.24*** (0.46) | 3.43*** (0.55) | 3.15*** (0.44) | 3.25*** (0.46) | 3.24*** (0.46) |
| Observations (Hospitals X Year) | 3339.00 | 3339.00 | 3339.00 | 3339.00 | 3339.00 |
| Hospitals | 1141.00 | 1141.00 | 1141.00 | 1141.00 | 1141.00 |
| Log likelihood | −6524.3 | −9703 | −6814.4 | −6524.3 | −6524.3 |
Standard errors in parentheses
+
p<0.1,
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001
†
Estimated using levels found in patients’ home zip codes
Abbreviations: CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CBSA, core-based statistical area; PCP, primary care physician