(A) rBMSCs under non-tension condition (ctrl group) in the first image and BMSCs under orthodontic force condition (force group) for 5 days in the second image. n=4. Scale bars: 200 μm. FD: force direction. (B) qRT-PCR analysis of osteogenic genes, Runx2, and ColI, under orthodontic force condition on day 3, 5, and 7. n=3. (C and D) Western blot analysis (quality in C and quantity in D) of Runx2 and ColI protein levels of the control and force groups on day 7. n=3. (E) ALP staining of rBMSCs in the control and force groups after 7 days. n=3. ALP: alkaline phosphatase. (F) ALP activity analysis of rBMSCs under force conditions on day 3, 5, and 7. n=3. (G) qRT-PCR analysis of miR-34a expression under force conditions on day 3, 5, and 7. n=3. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P<0.05 vs. the control group by paired t-test.