Fig. 7.

A model depicting the role of WRKY genes in response to leaf rust fungal pathogenesis. Cellular defense signalling is triggered by recognition of pathogen-derived PAMPs via distinct plasma membrane-localized receptors. Mechano-sensory responses transduce MAP kinase cascades that regulate WRKY genes that subsequently activate defense gene expression. SSV substomatal vesicles, HMC haustorial mother cell, G-protein guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, PAMP pathogen-associated molecular pattern, PR proteins pathogenesis-related proteins, TFs transcription factors, RER rough endoplasmic reticulum, NB-LRR proteins nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat proteins. [1] Jones and Dangl (2006), [2] Bolton et al. (2008), [3] Gao et al. (2014), [4] Pandey and Somssich (2009), [5] Adachi et al. (2015), [6] Yoshioka et al. (2011), [7] Cao et al. (2011), [8] Durant and Dong (2004), [9] De Young and Innes (2006), [10] Zvereva and Pooggin (2012), [11] Coll et al. (2011), [12] Gawehns et al. (2013), [13] Rushton et al. (2010), [14] Satapathy et al. (2014)