Table 2.
Proportion of consumers (%), energy-density, and the amount consumed by those with dietary energy-density <5.8 kJ/g, 5.8–8.9 kJ/g, and >8.9 kJ/g for foods reported by Australian 18–34-year-olds on the first interview of the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey-2011/2012 (n = 2397).
| Mean Amount of Food Consumed (g) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food ED | Food | % | ED Mean | (SD) | DED < 5.8 kJ/g | DED 5.8–8.9 kJ/g | DED > 8.9 kJ/g | P for Trend |
| >9.41 kJ/g | Regular breads and bread rolls | 56 | 11.1 | (1.0) | 40.7 | 55.4 | 59.22 | <0.0001 |
| Sugar, honey, and syrups | 42.1 | 15.4 | (1.5) | 6.3 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 0.06 | |
| Cheese | 30.9 | 14.5 | (2.6) | 8.9 | 13.2 | 13.5 | 0.0004 | |
| Breakfast cereals, ready to eat | 28.4 | 15.3 | (1.0) | 19.9 | 20.8 | 13.4 | <0.001 | |
| Margarine and table spreads | 18.6 | 23.2 | (3.5) | 1.2 | 2.3 | 3.0 | <0.0001 | |
| Sweet biscuits | 18 | 19.4 | (1.8) | 4.4 | 6.9 | 11.5 | <0.0001 | |
| Fried Potatoes | 17.8 | 10.7 | (1.8) | 3.0 | 16.2 | 31.4 | <0.0001 | |
| Salad dressings | 17.2 | 18.2 | (10.3) | 3.1 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 0.035 | |
| Chocolates | 17 | 20.9 | (2.0) | 3.8 | 8.7 | 12.7 | <0.0001 | |
| Pastries | 14 | 10.8 | (2.7) | 14.0 | 26.2 | 42.3 | <0.0001 | |
| Nuts and nut products | 13 | 25.3 | (3.7) | 3.6 | 5.8 | 4.4 | 0.08 | |
| Cakes, muffins, and scones | 12.9 | 14.7 | (2.1) | 7.8 | 18.3 | 29.8 | <0.0001 | |
| Savoury biscuits | 12.6 | 18.3 | (1.9) | 2.6 | 4.4 | 6.2 | 0.003 | |
| Other breads 1 | 12.3 | 12.2 | (1.3) | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.8 | 0.9 | |
| Butters | 11.6 | 30.4 | (1.1) | 0.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 0.005 | |
| Mixed dishes-grain based 2 | 45.5 | 8.3 | (2.4) | 132.7 | 171.4 | 167.5 | 0.002 | |
| -Burgers | 10.6 | 9.6 | (1.2) | 3.8 | 28.9 | 51.7 | <0.0001 | |
| -Pizza | 9.6 | 10.8 | (0.9) | 4.9 | 15.8 | 45.0 | <0.0001 | |
| >5.23–9.41 kJ/g | -Pasta dishes | 16.8 | 5.6 | (1.5) | 72.2 | 68.7 | 18.3 | <0.0001 |
| Poultry and feathered game | 19.4 | 7.3 | (2.3) | 36.8 | 28.5 | 25.3 | 0.07 | |
| Rice and other cereal grains 3 | 18.4 | 7.1 | (1.9) | 62.1 | 40.6 | 13.2 | <0.0001 | |
| Beef, sheep, and pork dishes | 18.4 | 8.9 | (3.3) | 30.9 | 32.0 | 25.9 | 0.38 | |
| Mixed poultry/game dishes 4 | 16.3 | 8.8 | (2.7) | 35.2 | 45.7 | 38.9 | 0.15 | |
| Ice cream and frozen yoghurt | 12.4 | 8.4 | (1.9) | 10.7 | 19.3 | 12.1 | 0.0006 | |
| Mixed red meat dishes | 11.3 | 6.6 | (1.9) | 30.0 | 38.6 | 16.3 | 0.0017 | |
| Eggs | 10.1 | 6.7 | (1.3) | 7.1 | 7.4 | 6.3 | 0.75 | |
| ≤5.23 kJ/g | Gravies and savoury sauces | 26.1 | 4.9 | (3.6) | 13.7 | 14.6 | 12.6 | 0.8 |
| Dairy milk | 25.7 | 2.4 | (0.8) | 227 | 116.2 | 34.5 | <0.0001 | |
| Other fruiting vegetables | 23.1 | 3.1 | (2.9) | 25.9 | 19.8 | 6.0 | <0.0001 | |
| Mixed vegetable dishes 5 | 21.8 | 3.4 | (2.0) | 52.3 | 30.5 | 21.3 | <0.0001 | |
| Pome fruit | 21.6 | 2.4 | (0.1) | 73.3 | 33.8 | 9.4 | <0.0001 | |
| Leaf and stalk vegetables | 21.2 | 0.8 | (0.6) | 8.5 | 6.7 | 3.8 | 0.0006 | |
| Other vegetables | 20.4 | 2.7 | (2.1) | 27.8 | 14.4 | 3.7 | <0.0001 | |
| Tomato and tomato products | 18.6 | 1.2 | (1.8) | 15.1 | 10.7 | 6.2 | 0.0006 | |
| Carrot and root vegetables | 17.6 | 1.9 | (1.3) | 20.8 | 11.2 | 4.2 | <0.0001 | |
| Tropical and subtropical fruit | 17.0 | 3.6 | (0.6) | 43.2 | 19.5 | 6.5 | <0.0001 | |
| Yoghurt | 13.3 | 3.7 | (1.1) | 34.3 | 22.2 | 3.9 | <0.0001 | |
| Potatoes | 12.1 | 4.1 | (1.7) | 18.1 | 20.5 | 4.6 | <0.0001 | |
ED, energy-density of foods. SD, standard deviation. DED, dietary energy-density of participants. 1. English-style muffins, flat breads, and savoury/sweet breads 2. Group comprised of pasta and noodle dishes (30%), pizza (16%), burgers (20%), sandwiches (11%), rice-based dishes (8.2%), tacos and tortilla dishes (7%), sushi (6%), other savoury grain dishes (1%) 3. Group predominantly rice (92%) 4. Group comprised predominantly of crumbed and battered chicken (55%) 5. Group comprised of salads (85%) and dishes such as curries, stir-fries, and casseroles. Foods are grouped in accordance with the World Cancer Research Fund criteria for energy-density. Means are adjusted for low-energy reporters (energy intake: basal metabolic rate ratio of <0.87).