Table 6.
Per question summary: Wilcoxon signed ranks test analysis of pre-test to post-test response changes.
| Question | Control Group a (n = 277), A (N = 554) | Experimental Group 1 b (n = 285), B (N = 570) | ||||||||
| Median Pre-test | Median Post-test | Z | p | Effect Size r | Median Pre-test | Median Post-test | Z | p | Effect Size r | |
| K1. HPV is a STD | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −3.944 | <0.001 ** | 0.168 s | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −3.239 | 0.001 ** | 0.136 s |
| K2. Condoms prevent HPV | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −1.563 | 0.118 | 0.066 | Agree (4) | Neutral (3) | −0.134 | 0.893 | 0.006 |
| K3. HPV causes genital warts | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −0.990 | 0.322 | 0.042 | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −0.102 | 0.919 | 0.004 |
| K4. People with HPV may be asymptomatic | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −1.823 | 0.068 | 0.077 | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −0.876 | 0.381 | 0.037 |
| K5. HPV causes sterility | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −3.030 | 0.002 ** | 0.129 s | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −1.471 | 0.141 | 0.062 |
| A1. Worry that I/my child(ren)can get HPV | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −3.879 | <0.001 ** | 0.165 s | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −4.078 | <0.001 ** | 0.171 s |
| K6. HPV causes cervical cancer | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −3.724 | <0.001 ** | 0.158 s | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −4.336 | <0.001 ** | 0.182 s |
| K7. Treatment of HPV is painful | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −1.576 | 0.115 | 0.067 | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −0.858 | 0.391 | 0.036 |
| K8. Required vaccines protect from getting disease from unvaccinated persons | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −1.324 | 0.186 | 0.056 | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −3.292 | 0.001 ** | 0.138 s |
| K9. I know what the HPV vaccine is for | Neutral (3) | Agree (4) | −6.689 | <0.001 * | 0.284 m | Neutral (3) | Agree (4) | −6.924 | <0.001 ** | 0.029 s |
| K10. Genital warts make it hard to have a sexual partner | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −0.845 | 0.398 | 0.036 | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −1.289 | 0.197 | 0.054 |
| K11. Children should only be vaccinated for serious diseases | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −0.524 | 0.600 | 0.022 | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −0.320 | 0.749 | 0.013 |
| A2. Vaccines that have been used awhile are more trustworthy | Agree (2) | Agree (2) | −1.547 | 0.122 | 0.066 | Agree (2) | Agree (2) | −1.068 | 0.285 | 0.045 |
| A3. Research improves vaccines | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −1.122 | 0.262 | 0.048 | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −2.763 | 0.006 ** | 0.116 s |
| A4. Healthy children do not need vaccines | Disagree (4) | Disagree (4) | −1.506 | 0.132 | 0.064 | Disagree (4) | Disagree (4) | −1.898 | 0.058 | 0.079 |
| A5. HPV vaccination would prevent problems for myself/my child(ren) | Neutral (3) | Agree (4) | −3.088 | 0.002 ** | 0.131 s | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −3.130 | 0.002 ** | 0.131 s |
| A6. Giving a new vaccine is like performing an experiment | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −0.176 | 0.860 | 0.007 | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −0.071 | 0.943 | 0.003 |
| A7. HPV vaccination before teenage is a good idea | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −4.118 | <0.001 ** | 0.175 s | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −3.162 | 0.002 ** | 0.132 s |
| A8. Teenagers should be able to get HPV vaccination without parental consent | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −1.243 | 0.214 | 0.053 | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −0.958 | 0.338 | 0.040 |
| A9. If the HPV vaccine were available, I/my child(ren) would be vaccinated against HPV | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −1.250 | 0.211 | 0.053 | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −2.748 | 0.006 ** | 0.115 s |
| A10. Vaccines are painful, so I would not vaccinate myself/my child(ren) | Neutral (3) | Disagree (4) | −0.707 | 0.480 | 0.030 | Disagree (4) | Disagree (4) | −1.110 | 0.267 | 0.046 |
| A11. Will only vaccinate myself/my child(ren) against HPV if required | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −1.968 | 0.049 * | 0.084 s | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −1.174 | 0.240 | 0.049 |
| A12. Despite cost I will vaccinate myself/my child(ren) | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −2.332 | 0.020 * | 0.099 s | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −3.623 | <0.001 ** | 0.152 s |
| A13. If my doctor recommends I will vaccinate myself/my child(ren) | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −0.555 | 0.579 | 0.024 | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −2.035 | 0.042 * | 0.085 s |
| A14. When I decide to vaccinate myself/my child(ren) it will be done | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −0.091 | 0.927 | 0.004 | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −1.236 | 0.217 | 0.052 |
| Question | Control Group c (n = 261), C (N = 522) | Experimental Group 1 d (n = 286), D (N = 572) | ||||||||
| Median Pre-test | Median Post-test | Z | p | Effect Size r | Median Pre-test | Median Post-test | Z | p | Effect Size r | |
| K1. HPV is a STD | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −5.952 | <0.001 ** | 0.260m | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −5.569 | <0.001 ** | 0.233 m |
| K2. Condoms prevent HPV | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −1.498 | 0.134 | 0.066 | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −0.007 | 0.995 | 0.000 e |
| K3. HPV causes genital warts | Neutral (3) | Agree (4) | −5.932 | <0.001 ** | 0.260 m | Neutral (3) | Agree (4) | −4.880 | <0.001 ** | 0.204 m |
| K4. People with HPV may be asymptomatic | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −2.329 | 0.020 * | 0.102 s | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −4.131 | <0.001 ** | 0.173 s |
| K5. HPV causes sterility | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −0.754 | 0.451 | 0.033 | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −1.619 | 0.105 | 0.068 |
| A1. Worry that I/my child(ren) can get HPV | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −3.471 | 0.001 ** | 0.152 s | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −5.296 | <0.001 ** | 0.221 m |
| K6. HPV causes cervical cancer | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −4.662 | <0.001 ** | 0.204 m | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −7.387 | <0.001 ** | 0.309 m |
| K7. Treatment of HPV is painful | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −1.245 | 0.213 | 0.054 | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −1.326 | 0.185 | 0.055 |
| K8. Required vaccines protect from getting disease from unvaccinated persons | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −2.836 | 0.005 ** | 0.124 s | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −2.166 | 0.030 * | 0.091 |
| K9. I know what the HPV vaccine is for | Neutral (3) | Agree (4) | −7.145 | <0.001 ** | 0.313 m | Neutral (3) | Agree (4) | −8.532 | <0.001 ** | 0.357 m |
| K10. Genital warts make it hard to have a sexual partner | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −2.784 | 0.005 ** | 0.122 s | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −1.724 | 0.085 | 0.072 |
| K11. Children should only be vaccinated for serious diseases | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −0.182 | 0.855 | 0.008 | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −1.473 | 0.141 | 0.062 |
| A2. Vaccines that have been used awhile are more trustworthy | Agree (2) | Agree (2) | −0.708 | 0.479 | 0.031 | Disagree (4) | Disagree (4) | −1.266 | 0.206 | 0.053 |
| A3. Research improves vaccines | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −1.006 | 0.315 | 0.044 | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −3.447 | 0.001 ** | 0.144 s |
| A4. Healthy children do not need vaccines | Disagree (4) | Disagree (4) | −1.321 | 0.187 | 0.058 | Disagree (4) | Disagree (4) | −0.638 | 0.523 | 0.027 |
| A5. HPV vaccination would prevent problems for myself/my child(ren) | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −3.530 | <0.001 ** | 0.154 s | Neutral (3) | Agree (4) | −5.684 | <0.001 ** | 0.238 m |
| A6. Giving a new vaccine is like performing an experiment | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −0.645 | 0.519 | 0.028 | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −0.858 | 0.391 | 0.036 |
| A7. HPV vaccination before Teenage is a good idea | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −3.491 | <0.001 ** | 0.153 s | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −3.182 | 0.001 ** | 0.133 s |
| A8. Teenagers should be able to Get HPV vaccination without parental consent | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −1.867 | 0.062 | 0.082 | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −2.277 | 0.023 * | 0.095 s |
| A9. If the HPV vaccine were available, I/my child(ren) would be vaccinated against HPV | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −0.593 | 0.553 | 0.026 | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −1.929 | 0.054 | 0.081 |
| A10. Vaccines are painful, so I Would not vaccinate myself/my child(ren) | Disagree (4) | Disagree (4) | −1.653 | 0.098 | 0.072 | Agree (2) | Disagree (4) | −0.376 | 0.707 | 0.016 |
| A11. Will only vaccinate myself/my child(ren) against HPV if required | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −0.185 | 0.854 | 0.008 | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −3.096 | 0.002 ** | 0.130 s |
| A12. Despite cost I will vaccinate myself/my child(ren) | Neutral (3) | Neutral (3) | −2.761 | 0.006 ** | 0.121 s | Neutral (3) | Agree (4) | −4.747 | <0.001 ** | 0.200 s |
| A13. If my doctor recommends I will vaccinate myself/my child(ren) | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −2.237 | 0.025 * | 0.098 s | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −2.833 | 0.005 ** | 0.118 s |
| A14. When I decide to vaccinate myself/my child(ren) it will be done | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −2.928 | 0.003 ** | 0.128 s | Agree (4) | Agree (4) | −0.698 | 0.485 | 0.030 |
a (n = 277) is the number of participants in the Control group. A (N = 554) is twice the number of participants in the Control group, accounting for the number of pre- and post-tests. b (n = 285) is the number of participants in Experimental Group 1. B (N = 554) is twice the number of participants in Experimental Group 1, accounting for the number of pre- and post-tests. c (n = 261) is the number of participants in Experimental Group 2. C (N = 554) is twice the number of participants in Experimental Group 2, accounting for the number of pre- and post-tests. d (n = 286) is the number of participants in Experimental Group 3. D (N = 554) is twice the number of participants in Experimental Group 3, accounting for the number of pre- and post-tests. A = Acceptance subscale item; K = Knowledge subscale item; e = actual r value is .0003; m = medium effect size; s = small effect size. * denotes significant 2-tailed correlation at the alpha = p = 0.05 level. ** denotes significant 2-tailed correlation at the alpha = p = 0.01 level.