Table 2.
Overview of overall infection frequencies of secondary bacterial symbionts in the three whitefly species in Southeast Europe with associated host plants.
| Population Number, Location and Species | Host Plant | n | Infection of Bacterial Symbiont (%) | Reference | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H | A | R | W | C | ||||||
| 1 | Croatia/Turanj | MED (Q2) | Cucumis sativus | 20 | 25 | - | 30 | 20 | 30 | [39] |
| 2 | Croatia/Split | MED (Q1) | Euphorbia pulcherrima | 20 | 35 | - | 20 | 10 | - | This study |
| 3 | Croatia/Zadar ¶ | MED (Q1 and Q2) | Hibiscus sp. | 20 | 95 | 35 | 60 | 50 | - | [41] |
| 4 | Montenegro/Bar | MED (Q2) | Dipladenia sanderi | 20 | 65 | 85 | 100 | 40 | - | |
| 5 | Montenegro/Lastva Grbaljska | MED (Q1) | Cucumis sativus | 20 | 30 | 85 | 40 | 30 | - | This study |
| 6 | Montenegro/Darza | MED (Q1) | Cucumis melo | 20 | 95 | - | 10 | 10 | - | |
| 7 | Macedonia/Doiran | MED (Q1) | Lycopersicon esculentum | 20 | 100 | - | - | 40 | 20 | |
| 8 | Macedonia/Gevgelija | MED (Q1) | Cucumis melo | 20 | 100 | - | 5 | 60 | - | |
| 9 | Israel | MED (Q2) | Gossypium hirsutum | 20 | - | 100 | 75 | 20 | - | [39] |
| 10 | Israel | MEAM1 | Gossypium hirsutum | 20 | 100 | - | 70 | - | - | |
| 11 | Croatia/Split | T. vaporariorum | Sonchus oleraceus | 20 | 5 | 75 | - | - | - | |
| 12 | Croatia/Split§ | T. vaporariorum | Euphorbia pulcherrima | 10 | 50 | 80 | - | - | - | [41]; This study |
| 13 | Montenegro/Podgorica | T. vaporariorum | Sonchus oleraceus | 20 | 20 | 95 | 5 | 10 | 35 | |
| 14 | Macedonia/Doiran | T. vaporariorum | Lycopersicon esculentum | 20 | 25 | 100 | - | - | - | This study |
| 15 | Macedonia/Grciste | T. vaporariorum | Lycopersicon esculentum | 20 | - | 100 | - | - | - | |
| 16 | Serbia/Trbusani | T. vaporariorum | Cucurbita pepo | 20 | 90 | 100 | - | - | - | |
| 17 | Serbia/Vranjska Banja | T. vaporariorum | Gerbera sp. | 20 | 45 | 100 | - | - | - | |
| 18 | Serbia/Opovo | T. vaporariorum | Lycopersicon esculentum | 20 | 70 | 90 | - | - | - | |
| 19 | Serbia/Zorka Subotica | T. vaporariorum | Chrysanthemum sp. | 20 | - | 95 | - | - | - | |
| 20 | Croatia/Brac-Supetar | S. phillyreae | Punica granatum | 20 | 65 | 35 | - | 40 | 5 | [41] |
| 21 | Croatia/Brac-Pucisca | S. phillyreae | Punica granatum | 20 | 100 | 25 | - | 20 | - | |
| 22 | Croatia/Opuzen | S. phillyreae | Punica granatum | 20 | 85 | 95 | - | 55 | 5 | |
| 23 | Croatia/Ljuta | S. phillyreae | Punica granatum | 20 | 85 | 85 | - | 15 | 70 | |
| 24 | Montenegro/Bar | S. phillyreae | Punica granatum | 20 | 90 | 100 | - | 50 | - | |
n, total number of individual tested per population; H, Hamiltonella; A, Arsenophonus; R, Rickettsia; W, Wolbachia; C, Cardinium; -, zero. ¶ Population imported by trade from Italy (Rome, region Lazio). § Population imported by trade from Slovenia (Catez ob Savi). For additional information on imported whitefly populations, please refer to Skaljac et al. (2013) [41].