Table 2.
New active ingredients and combinations tested and registered against C. felis in in vitro and in vivo tests.
| Active Ingredients | Form. a | Registration b | Status | Test Site c | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selamectin | Exp. | 1999 | Active | LIN | [274,275,276] |
| LOA | [277] | ||||
| RP | LOA | [278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292] | |||
| LOA-SE | [293,294] | ||||
| CFT | [295,296,297] | ||||
| Nitenpyram | RP | 2000 | Active | LOA | [288,298] |
| CFT | [299,300,301] | ||||
| Fipronil/methoprene | RP | 2000 | Active | LOA | [290,291,292,302,303,304,305,306,307,308,309,310,311,312,313,314,315,316,317,318,319,320,321,322,323,324,325] |
| LOA-SE | [326,327] | ||||
| CFT | [328,329,330,331,332,333] | ||||
| Imidacloprid/ | RP | 2007 | Active | LOA | [334] |
| Pyriproxyfen | LOA-SE | [335] | |||
| Imidacloprid/permethrin/ | RP | 2007 | Active | LOA-SE | [327] |
| pyriproxyfen | CFT | [336,337] | |||
| Metaflumizone | RP | 2007 | Inactive | LOA | [292,324,338,339,340] |
| Spinosad | Exp. | 2007 | Active | LOA | [341] |
| RP | LOA | [295,302,328,342,343] | |||
| LOA-SE | [326] | ||||
| CFT | [295,329,344,345,346] | ||||
| Dinotefuron/pyriproxyfen/ | RP | 2007 | Active | LOA | [315,316,318,328,343,347] |
| permethrin | LOA-SE | [327] | |||
| CFT | [332] | ||||
| Dinotefuran/pyriproxyfen | RP | 2008 | Active | LOA | [332] |
| Indoxacarb | RP | 2010 | Active | LOA | [348,349] |
| CFT | [333] | ||||
| Spinetoram | Exp. | 2010 | Active | LOA | [308] |
| RP | LOA | [309] | |||
| Fipronil/amitraz/methoprene | RP | 2011 | Active | LOA | [319,348] |
| Spinosad/milbenycino xime | RP | 2011 | Active | LOA | [350] |
| Fipronil/methoprene/cyphenothrin | RP | 2011 | Active | LOA | [351] |
| Fipronil/permethrin | RP | 2012 | Active | LOA | [314,315,352] |
| Imidacloprid/flumethrin | Exp. | 2012 | Active | LIN | [353] |
| RP | LOA | [318,319,320,321,322,354,355,356] | |||
| CFT | [357,358,359] | ||||
| Afoxolaner | Exp. | 2013 | Active | LIN | [306,360] |
| RP | LOA | [361] | |||
| CFT | [362,363] | ||||
| Fluralaner | Exp. | 2014 | Active | LIN | [360,364,365,366] |
| RP | LOA | [308,311,312,367] | |||
| CFT | [313,363] | ||||
| Imidacloprid/oral | RP | 2015 | Active | LOA | [368] |
| CFT | [368] | ||||
| Sarolaner | Exp. | 2016 | Active | LOA | [307] |
| RP | LOA | [308,309] | |||
| LOA-SE | [309] | ||||
| CFT | [369] |
a Form. Formulated. RP = registered product, Exp = Experimental formulation; b data obtained at https://animaldrugsatfda.fda.gov/adafda/views/#/search; c LIN = laboratory study in vitro; LOA = lab study on-animal; LOA-SE = laboratory on animal in simulated indoor environment; CFT = clinical field trial.