Table 2.
Frequency, percentage and determinants of selected risk factors for NCDs and health-promoting behaviors
| Alcohol use | Tobacco smoking | Salt restriction | Sugar restriction | Regular exercise | Regular medical checkups | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age category | n | % | OR(95% CI) | % | OR(95% CI) | n | % | OR(95% CI) | n | % | OR(95% CI) | n | % | OR(95% CI) | n | % | OR(95% CI) | |
| 20-39 | 20 | 4.4 | 1 | 8 | 1.7 | 1 | 71 | 15.5 | 1 | 63 | 13.8 | 1 | 41 | 9.0 | 1 | 19 | 4.1 | 1 |
| 40-59 | 69 | 13.8 | 3.39* (2.49-3.86) | 18 | 3.6 | 2.11* (1.87-2.73) | 85 | 17.0 | 1.12 (0.89-1.23) | 117 | 23.4 | 1.6 (0.81-1.82) | 44 | 8.8 | 0.91 (0.56-1.31) | 139 | 27.7 | 6.24* (2.23-8.91) |
| 60-79 | 43 | 9.6 | 2.06* (1.92-3.42) | 23 | 5.1 | 3.01* (2.21-3.91) | 87 | 19.4 | 1.23* (1.04-1.63) | 134 | 29.9 | 2.07* (1.21-2.78) | 43 | 9.6 | 1.01 (0.71-1.14) | 163 | 36.4 | 8.14 (4.87-9.94) |
| ≥ 80 | 2 | 3.2 | 0.93 (0.76-1.08) | 2 | 3.2 | 1.86 (0.92-2.74) | 17 | 27.0 | 1.74* (1.27-2.32) | 17 | 27.0 | 1.92* (1.17-2.56) | 7 | 11.1 | 1.09 (0.64-1.43) | 26 | 41.3 | 9.12* (2.34-11.2) |
| Gender | ||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 131 | 19.2 | 1 | 51 | 7.4 | 1 | 114 | 16.1 | 1 | 152 | 22.3 | 1 | 100 | 14.7 | 1 | 169 | 24.8 | 1 |
| Female | 03 | 0.4 | 0.24* (0.12-0.43) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 146 | 18.1 | 1.11 (0.92-1.25) | 179 | 22.6 | 0.91 (0.61-1.23) | 35 | 4.5 | 0.45* (0.22-0.92) | 178 | 22.6 | 0.96 (0.61-1.07) |
| Education | ||||||||||||||||||
| Primary or less than school | 18 | 8.1 | 1 | 7 | 3.1 | 1 | 31 | 14.0 | 1 | 38 | 17.2 | 1 | 17 | 7.7 | 1 | 51 | 23.1 | 1 |
| Secondary school completed | 78 | 10.9 | 1.21 (0.97-1.34) | 27 | 3.7 | 1.05 (0.69-1.07) | 124 | 17.3 | 1.12 (0.97-1.21) | 162 | 22.7 | 1.23 (0.98-1.32) | 62 | 8.4 | 1.09 (0.84-1.26) | 162 | 22.7 | 0.92 (0.61-1.12) |
| High school completed | 28 | 7.1 | 0.98 (0.79-1.12) | 13 | 3.3 | 1.02 (0.65-1.1) | 66 | 16.8 | 1.19* (1.09-1.32) | 94 | 24.0 | 1.34* (1.12-1.48) | 41 | 10.4 | 1.32* (1.13-1.54) | 89 | 22.7 | 0.91 (0.58-1.14) |
| University or above | 10 | 6.8 | 0.84 (0.62-1.06) | 4 | 2.7 | 0.84 (0.46-0.91) | 39 | 26.7 | 1.79* (1.23-2.14) | 37 | 25.3 | 1.42* (1.15-1.54) | 15 | 10.2 | 1.31* (1.07-1.42) | 45 | 30.8 | 1.31* (1.02-1.43) |
| Total | 134 | 9.17 | 51 | 3.53 | 260 | 17.71 | 331 | 22.5 | 135 | 9.2 | 347 | 23.6 | ||||||
*Significant Results: P value <0.05; OR = Odds Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval