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. 2017 Dec 29;10:626. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2526-5

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Mucosal IgA or IgG antibody responses in the feces, intestine and liver. Rat feces before and after challenge infections, and intestines and livers after challenge infection were collected to determine mucosal IgA or IgG antibody responses. Significantly higher levels of IgA antibody responses in the feces before (a) and after (b) challenge infection, in the intestine after challenge infection (c) and IgG and IgA antibodies in the liver after challenge infection (d, e) were observed at weeks 1 and 4 in immunized rats after challenge infection (*P < 0.05)