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. 2017 Dec 29;10:626. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2526-5

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 7 — Inflammatory responses and worm burden in the liver. Liver tissues were collected from individual rats at week 4 after challenge, and tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to assess liver inflammatory responses (200× magnification). Heavier periductal infiltration of inflammatory cells, such as plasma cells, lymphocytes and mononuclear cells was found in unimmunized rats upon challenge infection (b) compared to naïve rats (a) (a vs b). VLPs immunized rats showed less infiltration of inflammatory cells (c) compared to unimmunized rats upon challenge infection (b) (c vs b). Unimmunized (e), naïve (d) and immunized rats (f) showed different observed by naked eye. Clonorchis sinensis worm burden were determined from rats immunized with VLPs and controls (b). Liver tissues were collected from individual rats at week 4 after challenge. Rats immunized with VLPs showed significantly lower levels of worm burden compared to naïve control upon challenge infection (b, *P < 0.05)