Table 3.
Distribution of household expenditure and the progressivity of the health care financing sources
| Income quintiles | Per capita household expenditure | General taxation | UEBMI | URBMI | NRCMS | OOP | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1—poorest | 6.15% | 6.37% | 1.72% | 11.35% | 30.35% | 6.39% | |
| 2 | 11.61% | 12.19% | 7.30% | 15.17% | 24.96% | 9.65% | |
| 3 | 16.29% | 17.13% | 15.04% | 21.88% | 18.09% | 11.82% | |
| 4 | 22.71% | 23.42% | 25.01% | 22.00% | 13.58% | 18.72% | |
| 5—richest | 43.24% | 40.89% | 50.93% | 29.60% | 13.02% | 53.42% | |
| Gini/CI | 0.3678 ** (0.3581 to 0.3772) | 0.3436 ** (0.3342 to 0.3529) | 0.4978 ** (0.4673 to 0.5283) | 0.1940 ** (0.1515 to 0.2364) | −0.1921 ** (−0.2138 to −0.1704) | 0.4572 ** (0.3985 to 0.5160) | |
| KI | \ | −0.0241 ** (−0.0315 to −0.0166) | 0.1301 ** (0.1008 to 0.1594) | −0.1737 ** (−0.2166 to −0.1308) | −0.5598 ** (−0.5830 to −0.5365) | 0.0896 ** (0.0345 to 0.1447) | 0.0444 |
| Weight | 0.3779 | 0.1576 | 0.0087 | 0.0097 | 0.4461 | ||
| Dominance test | |||||||
| - Against the 45° line | D- | D- | D- | D+ | D- | ||
| - Against the Lorenz curve | D+ | D- | D+ | D+ | D- | ||
Note: The 95% confidence intervals are in the parentheses; **implies statistical significance at the level of 0.01; *implies statistical significance at the level of 0.05; D+ (D-) implies that the concentration curve dominates (is dominated by) the line of equity or the Lorenz curve