Table 5.
Pathogens identified in 55 children with laboratory-confirmed CNS infection
| Pathogen, n (%) | 1-11 m (n = 11) | 1-4y (n = 20) | 5-15y (n = 24) | Overall (n = 55) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enterovirusa | 2 (18.2) | 8 (40.0) | 11 (45.8) | 21 (38.3) | 0.1 |
| Japanese encephalitis virus | 1 (9.1) | 7 (35.0) | 9 (37.5) | 17 (31.0) | 0.1 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 3 (27.2) | 3 (15.0) | 1 (4.2) | 7 (12.7) | 0.05 |
| Escherichia coli | 2 (18.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (3.6) | – |
| Mumps virus | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (8.3) | 2 (3.6) | – |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 2 (18.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (3.6) | – |
| Cryptococcus neoformans | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (1.8) | – |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.8) | – |
| Herpes simplex virus | 0 (0) | 1 (5.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.8) | – |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 0 (0) | 1 (5.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.8) | – |
| Parechovirus | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Varicella zoster virus | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
aAnother 4 children (all 5-15y) were enterovirus positive on deep sequencing (not part of the core diagnostic strategy)