Table 1.
Randomized Clinical Trials of Home-based Exercise in Peripheral Artery Disease Published Since 2011
| Study and Year Published |
Sample Size |
Duration (months) |
Groups | Primary Results | Additional Observations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gardner et al 2011 | 119 | 3 | Supervised treadmill exercise. Home-based walking exercise. Control group (received advice to walk) | The supervised treadmill exercise group improved their peak treadmill exercise time by 215 seconds +173, the home-based walking exercise group improved their peak treadmill walking time by 124 seconds + 193, and the control group declined by 10 seconds. Each exercise group also improved their time to treadmill onset of claudication (+165 seconds, +134 seconds, −16 seconds, respectively). Improvements in each exercise group were statistically significant compared to the control group, but the exercise groups were not significantly different from each other. | There was a 23% dropout rate overall. The Walking improvement questionnaire did not significantly change in each exercise group, compared to the control group. |
| Gardner et al 2014 | 180 | 3 | Supervised treadmill exercise. Home-based walking exercise. Control group | The supervised treadmill exercise group improved their peak treadmill exercise time by 192 seconds +190, the home-based walking exercise group improved their peak treadmill walking time by 110 seconds + 193, and the control group declined by 22 + 159 seconds. Each exercise group also improved the time to onset of claudication pain on the treadmill (+170 seconds, +104 seconds, +17 seconds, respectively). The supervised treadmill exercise group improved their six-minute walk distance by 45 meters, the home-based exercise group improved their six-minute walk by 15 meters, and the control group improved by four meters. | Participants randomized to supervised treadmill exercise had significantly greater improvement in treadmill walking compared to home-based exercise. Participants randomized to home-based exercise had greater improvement in six-minute walk compared to those randomized to supervised exercise. |
| McDermott et al 2013 | 192 | 6 months (primary outcomes) 12 months (secondary and exploratory outcomes) | A Group Mediated Cognitive Behavioral (GMCB) intervention designed to increase home-based exercise vs. an attention control group. | The six-minute walk (primary outcome) increased by 42.4 meters in the intervention group and declined by 11.1 meters in the control group at six-month follow-up. In addition, the intervention group increased maximal treadmill walking time by 1.01 minutes, compared to the control group and increased the Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) distance and speed scores by 11.1 and 10.4 points, respectively, relative to the control group. | Benefits in the intervention group regarding improved six-minute walk were attenuated but remained statistically significantly better than the control group at 12-month follow-up, 6 months after the final intervention on-site visit. |
| Collins et al 2011 | 145 | 6 months | Home-based exercise vs. attention control | Participants randomized to the intervention increased their maximal treadmill walking distance by 24.5 meters, and those randomized to the attention control group increased their maximal treadmill walking distance by 39.2 meters. | An eligibility criterion included the intention to begin an exercise program in the next six months, which may have resulted in greater improvement in the control group than otherwise anticipated. |