Table 5.

Multiple Regression Hazard Ratios for Associations of Patient and Clinical Characteristics With Breast Cancer–Specific Mortality, Stages 0–III Breast Cancer, 1998–2010, California^a

Variable	Deceased Patients	Total Patients	HR (95% CI)
Surgical procedure
Bilateral mastectomy	392	9907	1.09 (0.98–1.21)
Breast-conserving surgery with radiation	3620	96 462	1 [Reference]
Unilateral mastectomy	6115	68 548	1.29 (1.23–1.35)
Race/ethnicity
Chinese	210	4787	0.85 (0.74–0.97)
Filipina	315	6150	0.83 (0.74–0.94)
Hispanic	1703	26 035	0.90 (0.85–0.95)
Japanese	80	2263	0.70 (0.56–0.88)
Non-Hispanic American Indian/other/unknown	73	1378	1.06 (0.84–1.34)
Non-Hispanic black	896	9112	1.22 (1.14–1.32)
Non-Hispanic white	6529	117 853	1 [Reference]
Other Asian/Pacific Islander	321	7339	0.81 (0.72–0.90)
Age at diagnosis, y
<40	1027	9341	1.32 (1.22–1.41)
40–49	1995	34 878	0.97 (0.92–1.03)
50–64	3311	68 104	1 [Reference]
≥65	3794	62 594	1.43 (1.35–1.51)
Tumor size
Per centimeter	NA	NA	1.33 (1.30–1.36)
Lymph node involvement
Negative	3905	126 165	1 [Reference]
Positive	6222	48 752	1.96 (1.85–2.07)
Histology
Ductal	8915	149 278	1 [Reference]
Lobular or with lobular component	684	12 403	0.98 (0.90–1.07)
Other	528	13 236	0.78 (0.71–0.85)
Grade
I	634	36 593	1 [Reference]
II	3071	70 377	1.87 (1.71–2.04)
III	5953	58 247	3.12 (2.86–3.41)
Unknown	469	9700	1.82 (1.60–2.06)
ER/PR status
Negative	3295	26 685	1.80 (1.71–1.88)
Positive	5622	125 955	1 [Reference]
Unknown or borderline	1210	22 277	1.12 (1.05–1.20)
Adjuvant treatment, chemotherapy, and/or radiation
No	3742	109 699	1 [Reference]
Yes	6385	65 218	1.10 (1.05–1.16)
Neighborhood SES quintileb,c
1 (lowest)	1506	18 484	1 [Reference]
2	2007	28 329	0.99 (0.93–1.06)
3	2181	35 740	0.93 (0.87–1.00)
4	2257	42 120	0.89 (0.83–0.96)
5	2176	50 244	0.80 (0.74–0.86)
Marital status
Married	5559	104 647	1 [Reference]
Not married	4393	67 098	1.13 (1.08–1.18)
Unknown	175	3172	1.08 (0.93–1.26)
Insurance status
Medicare	1362	22 445	1.23 (1.15–1.31)
Military	84	1487	1.07 (0.86–1.33)
Not insured or self-pay	120	1408	1.09 (0.91–1.31)
Private	5831	113 347	1 [Reference]
Public or Medicaid	2368	29 746	1.30 (1.23–1.37)
Unknown	362	6484	0.80 (0.72–0.89)
Patient SES distribution of reporting hospitalb
>50% of patients in quintiles 4–5	4316	89 573	1 [Reference]
>50% of patients in quintiles 1–2	2456	31 015	1.12 (1.05–1.18)
Mixed distribution	3355	54 329	1.07 (1.02–1.12)
Received care at an NCI-designated cancer center
No	9731	166 025	1 [Reference]
Yes	396	8892	0.87 (0.78–0.96)
Year of cancer diagnosis
Per year	Not applicable	Not applicable	0.87 (0.87–0.88)

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable; NCI, National Cancer Institute; SES, socioeconomic status.

^aMortality analyses excluded women diagnosed after 2010 because of incomplete mortality data for 2011. Model covariates included age, race/ethnicity, tumor size, grade, and ER/PR status, nodal status, histology, receipt of adjuvant treatments including chemotherapy and radiation, neighborhood SES quintile, marital status, insurance status, SES composition of patients at the reporting hospital, care at an NCI-designated cancer center, and year of diagnosis. Models were stratified by American Joint Committee on Cancer stage.

^bDistribution based on statewide quintiles.

^cP value for trend of SES was <.001.