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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 20.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2017 Dec 7;96(6):1447–1458.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.010

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Primate electrophysiology results. Recording site (Red line showing electrode penetration depth): a. FEF; b. rVLPFC; c: rVLPFC dorsal surface view. A) A movement-related neuron in FEF increased its firing rate ~100 ms after the target onset for Go trials (green line) and decreased its firing rate for Successful Stop trials (red line). Critically, the signal differentiation time (indicated by the dashed black line) occurred before SSRT (blue solid line). Solid black line indicates the stop signal delay (SSD). B) A fixation neuron in FEF decreased its firing rate for Go trials, and increased its firing rate for Successful Stop trials. The signal differentiation time occurred well before the SSRT. C) A movement-related neuron in VLPFC increased its firing rate ~120 ms after the target onset for both Go (green line) and SS (red line) trials. It then decreased its firing rate for Successful Stop trials, but the signal differentiation time (dashed black line) occurred well after SSRT (blue solid line). D) Activity of a VLPFC neuron increased on “context switch” trials (black line) compare to the trial immediately after switch trials (red line) and in the middle of a block (blue line). E) Activity of a VLPFC neuron gradually increased its firing rate in response to context cues for switch trials (black line), and continued to increase its firing rate for the trials immediately following switch trials (red line), as well as the trials in the middle of a block (blue line). F) A neuron increased its firing rate to context A 100 ms after the onset of the context cue (red line). In contrast, the firing rate of the same neuron remained around the baseline for context B (blue line). The firing rate between the two contexts remained different even after the offset of the context cue, and only became indifferent at the time of the target onset. G) The firing rate of this neuron was higher for Context A (red line) than Context B (blue line) following the context cue (as in F), but this neuron also increased firing in response to the target and the difference between the contexts was even greater following the target onset.