Table 2. Description of interventions and outcomes.
| Source | Intervention Timing | Intervention | Control Group Intervention | Outcome(s) | Outcome Window | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bakker, 201427 | Pre & Post | Care Protocol: | Standard care | Hospital-acquired delirium | In-hospital | No difference |
| Orientation | Cognitive decline | In-hospital | No difference | |||
| Mobilization | Physical decline | At discharge | Worse with intervention group | |||
| Day program activities | ADL | At discharge | Worse with intervention | |||
| Physiotherapy consult | ADL | At discharge | No difference | |||
| Dietitian consult | ADL | 3 months post-discharge | Better with intervention | |||
| Discharge planning | Readmission | 30 days post-discharge | No difference | |||
| Medication review | Unplanned readmission | 30 days post-discharge | No difference | |||
| CGA by geriatrician | Caregiver burden | 3 months post-discharge | No difference | |||
| Binder, 200433 | Post | Exercise | Non-personalized exercise without weight training | Modified Physical Performance Test | 6 months after surgery | Better with intervention |
| Functional Status Questionnaire | 6 months after surgery | Better with intervention | ||||
| Basic ADL | 6 months after surgery | No difference | ||||
| Instrumental ADL | 6 months after surgery | No difference | ||||
| Assistive devices use | 6 months after surgery | Less use with intervention | ||||
| Knee extension strength | 6 months after surgery | Better with intervention | ||||
| Walking speed | 6 months after surgery | Better with intervention | ||||
| Single limb stance time | 6 months after surgery | Better with intervention | ||||
| Berg balance score | 6 months after surgery | Better with intervention | ||||
| Total fat-free mass | 6 months after surgery | No difference | ||||
| Bone mineral density | 6 months after surgery | No difference | ||||
| SF-36 score | 6 months after surgery | Better health, physicial and social function with intervention | ||||
| Hip Rating Questionnaire | 6 months after surgery | Better with intervention | ||||
| Chen, 201426 | Post | Care Protocol: | Standard care | *Frailty rate | At discharge | Better with intervention |
| 3 months post-discharge | No difference | |||||
| Early mobilization | Transitions between frailty states | From admission to discharge | Better with intervention | |||
| Oral and nutritional assistance | ||||||
| Orientating communication | From admission to 3-months post-discharge | No difference | ||||
| Gorelik, 201524 | Post | Care Protocol: | Standard care | *Stability | 6 months after surgery | Better with intervention |
| Walking | 6 months after surgery | Better with intervention | ||||
| Rehabilitation | Malnutrition | 6 months after surgery | Better with intervention | |||
| Nutrition support | Cognitive disorders | 6 months after surgery | Better with intervention | |||
| Psychotherapy | Moral status | 6 months after surgery | Better with intervention | |||
| Home care for some | Independence | 6 months after surgery | Better with intervention | |||
| Gregersen, 201535−37 | Post | Restrictive blood transfusion | Liberal blood transfusion | Modified Barthel Index | 10 days after surgery | No difference |
| New Mobility Score | 10 days after surgery | No difference | ||||
| Ambulation score | 10 days after surgery | No difference | ||||
| Transfer independence | 10 days after surgery | No difference | ||||
| Walking independence | 10 days after surgery | No difference | ||||
| Mortality, per protocol | 30-day | Worse with restrictive | ||||
| Mortality | 90-day | No difference | ||||
| Leukocyte counts | 30 days post-operatively | No difference | ||||
| CRP concentration | 30 days post-operatively | No difference | ||||
| Infection | 10 days post-operatively | No difference | ||||
| Complications | 10 days post-operatively | No difference | ||||
| Modified Barthel Index | Day 30 to 1 year post-operatively | Better with liberal | ||||
| Depression | Day 30 post-operatively | No difference | ||||
| 1 year post-operatively | No difference | |||||
| Hempenius, 201329 | Pre & Post | Standard care | Postoperative delirium | 10 days after surgery | No difference | |
| Care Protocol: | Severity of delirium | 10 days after surgery | No difference | |||
| Complications, >1 | 10 days after surgery | No difference | ||||
| Individualized geriatric care plan | Mortality | In-hospital | No difference | |||
| SF-36 score | Discharge | No difference | ||||
| Care dependency | Assessed at discharge | No difference | ||||
| Return to an independent living situation | Assessed at discharge | Worse with intervention | ||||
| Additional care at home | Assessed at discharge | No difference | ||||
| Length of stay | In-hospital | No difference | ||||
| Hoogeboom, 201030 | Pre | Exercise | Standard care | Osteoarthritis Outcome Score | Week before surgery | No difference |
| Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam Physical Activity Questionnaire | Week before surgery | No difference | ||||
| Physical Working Capacity | Week before surgery | No difference | ||||
| 6-MWT | Week before surgery | No difference | ||||
| Timed Up & Go Test | Week before surgery | No difference | ||||
| Chair Rise Time | Week before surgery | No difference | ||||
| Grip Strength | Week before surgery | No difference | ||||
| Time needed to functional independence | In-hospital | No difference | ||||
| Patient-Specific Complaints Questionnaire | Week before surgery | No difference | ||||
| Length of stay | In-hospital | No difference | ||||
| Indrakusuma, 201425 | Pre | Care Protocol: | Standard care | Mortality | 30 days post-operatively | No difference |
| Nutrition supplements | Postoperative delirium | Not reported | No difference | |||
| Cardiology consult | Postoperative complications | Not reported | No difference | |||
| Blood transfusion | Length of stay | In-hospital | No difference | |||
| Haloperidol prophylaxis | ||||||
| Molino-Lova, 201134 | Post | Exercise | Usual aerobic exercise | Short Physical Performance Battery | 1 year | Better with intervention |
| Oosting et al, 201231 | Pre | Exercise | Standard care | Timed Up & Go Test | 6 weeks post-discharge | No difference |
| 6-MWT | 6 weeks post-discharge | Better with intervention | ||||
| Chair Rise Time | 6 weeks post-discharge | Better with intervetion | ||||
| Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score | 6 weeks post-discharge | No difference | ||||
| Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam Physical Activity Questionnaire | 6 weeks post-discharge | No difference | ||||
| Pain | 6 weeks post-discharge | No difference | ||||
| Patient Specific Complaints Questionnaire | 6 weeks post-discharge | No difference | ||||
| Opasich et al, 201032 | Post | Exercise | Traditional physiotherapy program | *Nursing needs | At discharge | Better with intervention |
| Balance Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment | At discharge | Better with intervention | ||||
| Timed Up & Go Test | At discharge | Better with intervention | ||||
| Arm Curl | At discharge | Better with intervention | ||||
| Chair Stand | At discharge | Better with intervention | ||||
| 6-MWT | At discharge | No difference | ||||
| Health related quality of life | At discharge | No difference | ||||
| Length of Stay | In-hospital | Shorter with intervention |
* Primary outcome not specified in study. 6-MWT: 6 minute walk test; ADL: activities of daily living; CRP: c-reactive protein; SF: short form
Bolded and underlined text = Primary outcomes
Bolded outcomes reached statistical significance