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The population means and standard deviations of the within-examination motion ranges for different modes of motion.
| Type of motion | Mean range (standard deviation) of motion |
|---|---|
| Translation, left–right, x | 3.6(1.1) mm |
| Translation, posterior–anterior, y | 9.1(4.2) mm |
| Translation, superior–inferior, z | 19.9(9.1) mm |
| Rotation, sagittal plane, ϕx | 4.2(1.8)° |
| Rotation, coronal plane, ϕy | 4.0(2.0)° |
| Rotation, transverse plane, ϕz | 3.3(1.3)° |
